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Topic Review
Interaction of Phosphorus Dendrimers with Pre-Existing Metal Nanoparticles
Nanoparticles are defined as matter that has at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nm, and that generally has different properties from its bulk. This is particularly the case for metal nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles (NPs), which have a different color depending on their size and differs from the color of bulk gold, in connection with their surface plasmon resonance. Gold NPs are widely used for diagnostics and therapy. Dendrimers are monodisperse hyperbranched polymers of nanometric size, very different from classical polymers, as they are synthesized step-by-step and not by bulk polymerization reactions. Most dendrimers are synthesized by a divergent process, starting from a multifunctional core, possessing 2 to 8 functions in most cases. Such a divergent process frequently involves two steps. Among the different types of dendrimers, polyphosphorhydrazone (PPH) dendrimers have been chosen.
  • 338
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Lignins as Promising Renewable Biopolymers and Bioactive Compounds
The recycling of biomass into high-value-added materials requires important developments in research and technology to create a sustainable circular economy. Lignin, as a component of biomass, is a multipurpose aromatic polymer with a significant potential to be used as a renewable bioresource in many fields in which it acts both as promising biopolymer and bioactive compound. 
  • 296
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Palladium-Plated Copper Bonding Wire
Wire-bonding technology is the most commonly used chip interconnection technology in microelectronic packaging. Metal bonding wire is the key material for wire bonding and plays an important role in the reliability of electronic devices. Palladium-plated copper (PdCu) bonding wire has been widely used because of its low cost, good electrical and thermal conductivity, the fact that it is not easy to oxidize, and its high reliability.
  • 555
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Phosphorus Dendrimers for the Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles
Nanoparticles are defined as matter that has at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nm, and that generally has different properties from its bulk. Phosphorus dendrimers are hyperbranched macromolecules synthesized step-by-step, bearing a phosphorus atom at each branching point. Such type of dendrimers are suitable for the synthesis of diverse types of metal nanoparticles from organometallic precursors.
  • 631
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
The Structure of Carbon Dots
Carbon allotropes are multifunctional materials, due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Carbon allotropes can be chemically modified by other elements via functionalization or doping, and they can also be used in combination with other materials to form carbon–carbon or metal–carbon composite materials.
  • 369
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Biowaste for Electrodes in Energy Storage Applications
The common waste management methods which include direct dumping into water bodies, open-air combustion, and as land fillers are obsolete and are the major causes of environmental pollution. Conversion of biowastes into valuable materials aids proper waste management, and helps to attain a cleaner environment, in addition to the fact that wastes are turned into wealth. Biowastes are rich in carbon and can serve as excellent precursors for the synthesis of important carbon materials such as activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes etc. 
  • 466
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Functional Nanostructured Materials in the Cosmetics Industry
Cosmetics have always been in demand across the globe among people of all age groups. In the modern cosmetic world, nanostructured materials have proven hugely advantageous in producing cosmeceuticals or ‘nano-cosmeceuticals’ and various beauty products. The application of nanostructured materials in cosmetic products possesses some challenges in terms of short- and long-term safety and environmental issues, despite their growing popularity. The nanostructured particles in cosmeceuticals provide a targeted route of administration due to their high penetrability, site selectivity, high effectiveness, prolonged activity, and drug encapsulation potential. However, standard methods for toxicity evaluation may not be relevant for cosmeceuticals, leading to the need for an alternative methodology.
  • 318
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Novel Spinel Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reactions
The energy demand generated by fossil fuels is increasing day by day, and it has drastically increased after the COVID-19 pandemic as industries and household utilities rejuvenate. Renewable sources are thus becoming more essential as easily available, alternative methods of low-cost energy generation. Among these renewables, solar energy, i.e., solar power, is a promising energy source and can be used for solar-based H2 evolution because H2 technology is a leading source of eco-friendly electricity generation, and most of the worldwide efforts to develop this method involve heterogeneous catalysis for H2 evolution via water splitting and its storage, i.e., using a fuel cell. In the current scenario, there is a need to develop a stable, recyclable, and reusable heterogeneous catalyst system, which is a great challenge. 
  • 378
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Carbon Dioxide Capture By Biopolymer-Derived Porous Materials
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the atmosphere is responsible for global warming which in turn causes abrupt climate change and consequently poses a threat to the living organisms in the coming years. CO2 capture and separation are crucial to reduce the CO2 content in the atmosphere. Post-combustion capture is one of the most useful techniques for capturing CO2 due to its practicality and ease of use. For adsorption-driven post-combustion CO2 capture, sorbents with large surface area, high volume, and narrow pores are highly effective. Natural polymers, such as polysaccharides, are less expensive, more plentiful, and can be modified by a variety of methods to produce porous materials and thus can be effectively utilized for CO2 capture. A significant amount of research activities has already been established in this field, especially in the last ten years and are still in progress. In this review, we have introduced the latest developments to the readers about synthetic techniques, post-synthetic modifications and CO2 capture capacities of various biopolymer-based materials published in the last five years (2018–2022).
  • 427
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Modern Antimicrobial Applications of Nanosilver
Silver has an extensive history because it has been used for multiple millennia spanning from the Before Common Era (B.C.E) to the present day. This long-term use of silver stemmed from its anti-deteriorative activity and led to its recognition as the most important antimicrobial agent (i.e., antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, and antifungal) that predated antibiotics.
  • 251
  • 18 Aug 2023
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