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Topic Review
Cholinesterase Methods for Nerve Agents Detection Using Optical Evaluation
The extreme toxicity of nerve agents and the broad spectrum of their physical and chemical properties, enabling the use of these agents in a variety of tactical situations, is a continuing challenge in maintaining the knowledge and capability to detect them, as well as in finding new effective methods. With the military standardization of V-series agents (VX), the sensitivity of traditional chemical methods was no longer satisfactory; therefore, increased attention was paid to cholinesterase methods. The reduction of enzyme activity after contact with NAs allows for the detection of these cholinesterase inhibitors with high sensitivity since, in this case, one and the same enzyme acts as both a sensitive element and an amplifier of the analytical signal.
  • 232
  • 01 Dec 2023
Topic Review
ODS FeCrAl Alloys
After the Fukushima nuclear accident, the development of new accident-tolerant fuel cladding materials has become a research hotspot around the world. Due to its outstanding corrosion resistance, radiation resistance, and creep properties at elevated temperatures, the oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) FeCrAl alloy, as one of the most promising candidate materials for accident-tolerant fuel cladding, has been extensively studied during the past decade. In particular, the reasonable/optimized content of Cr is explained from the aspects of oxidation resistance, radiation resistance, and thermal stability. The essential role of the Al element in oxidation resistance, high-temperature stability, and workability was reviewed in detail. The roles of oxide-forming elements, i.e., Y (Y2O3), Ti, and Zr, and the solid solution strengthening element, i.e., W.
  • 458
  • 01 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Components of the Nanocomposite Photoanisotropic Materials
A new approach has emerged that has been extensively studied by many research groups, namely doping azobenzene-containing materials with nanoparticles with various compositions, sizes, and morphologies. The resulting nanocomposites have shown significant enhancement in their photoanisotropic response, including increased photoinduced birefringence, leading to a higher diffraction efficiency and a larger surface relief modulation in the case of polarization holographic recordings. 
  • 252
  • 01 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Radiolabeled Peptoids and Peptoid/Peptide Hybrids for Cancer-Targeted Imaging
Peptoids (N-substituted glycine oligomers) are a relatively new class of peptidomimetics, being highly versatile and capable of mimicking the architectures and the activities of the peptides but with a marked resistance to proteases and a propensity to cross the cellular membranes over the peptides themselves. For these properties, they have gained an ever greater interest in applications in bioengineering and biomedical fields.
  • 200
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Poly(lactic acid) and Its Blends for Packaging Application
Biopolymers obtained from renewable resources are an interesting alternative to conventional polymers obtained from fossil resources, as they are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable aliphatic polyester produced from 100% renewable plant resources and plays a key role in the biopolymer market, and is experiencing ever-increasing use worldwide.
  • 203
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Basic Principles of Microwave and Ultrasound Treatments
In the context of biorefinery and bioeconomy, lignocellulosic biomass is increasingly used to produce biofuels, biochemicals and other value-added products. Microwaves and ultrasound are emerging techniques that enable efficient and environmentally sustainable routes in the transformation of lignocellulosic biomass. 
  • 457
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Lyotropic Liquid Crystals for Efficient Intestinal Lymphatic Targeting
Lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) are liquids that have crystalline structures. LLCs as drug delivery systems that can deliver hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and amphiphilic agents. Due to their unique phases and structures, LLCs can protect both small molecules and biologics from the gastrointestinal tract’s harsh environment, thus making LLCs attractive as carriers for oral drug delivery.
  • 319
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Four-Dimensional Printing of Dynamic Foods
The continuous evolution of 3D food printing in the used methods, approaches, and materials has created a solid foundation for technology to process dynamic food structures. In 4D food printing, structures are engineered through material tailoring and custom designs to achieve a transformation from one configuration to another. Different engineered 4D behaviors include stimulated color change, shape morphing, and biological growth.
  • 195
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Phenolic Dyed Textile Fabrics
Textile dyeing is known to have major environmental concerns, especially with the high use of toxic chemicals. The use of alternatives such as natural dyes rich in phenolic compounds has become extremely appealing in order to move towards a more sustainable circular economy. Phenolic dyes have the potential to functionalize textile fabrics with properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and UV protection.
  • 325
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides for Electrochemical Biomolecular Detection
Advances in the field of nanobiotechnology are largely due to discoveries in the field of materials. Recent developments in the field of electrochemical biosensors based on transition metal nanomaterials as transducer elements have been beneficial as they possess various functionalities that increase surface area and provide well-defined active sites to accommodate elements for rapid detection of biomolecules. In recent years, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have become the focus of interest in various applications due to their considerable physical, chemical, electronic, and optical properties. 
  • 229
  • 30 Nov 2023
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