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Topic Review
Putative Anticancer Compounds from Plant-Derived Endophytic Fungi
Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that exist almost ubiquitously inside the various tissues of living plants where they act as an important reservoir of diverse bioactive compounds. Recently, endophytic fungi have drawn tremendous attention from researchers; their isolation, culture, purification, and characterization have revealed the presence of around 200 important and diverse compounds including anticancer agents, antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, immunosuppressants, and antimycotics. Many of these anticancer compounds, such as paclitaxel, camptothecin, vinblastine, vincristine, podophyllotoxin, and their derivatives, are currently being used clinically for the treatment of various cancers (e.g., ovarian, breast, prostate, lung cancers, and leukemias). By increasing the yield of specific compounds with genetic engineering and other biotechnologies, endophytic fungi could be a promising, prolific source of anticancer drugs. In the future, compounds derived from endophytic fungi could increase treatment availability and cost effectiveness. 
  • 618
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
In Silico Materials Development
Machine learning has been an emerging scientific field serving the modern multidisciplinary needs in the Materials Science and Manufacturing sector. The taxonomy and mapping of nanomaterial properties based on data analytics is going to ensure safe and green manufacturing with consciousness raised on effective resource management. The utilization of predictive modelling tools empowered with artificial intelligence (AI) has proposed novel paths in materials discovery and optimization, while it can further stimulate the cutting-edge and data-driven design of a tailored behavioral profile of nanomaterials to serve the special needs of application environments. 
  • 618
  • 17 Aug 2022
Topic Review
SAPO-34 Zeolite Membranes
In the zeolite family, the silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO)-34 zeolite has a unique chemical structure, distinctive pore size, adsorption characteristics, as well as chemical and thermal stability, has attracted much research attention. Increasing global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions pose a serious environmental threat to humans, animals, plants, and the entire environment.
  • 618
  • 20 Mar 2023
Topic Review
MS Combined with EAOPs
Membrane separation (MS) and electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOPs) are the important technologies in water pollution control. They can not only effectively remove pollutants in water, but also have the advantages of environmental friendliness, easy automation and low land occupation. However, both MS and EAOPs still have some problems to overcome, namely membrane fouling and high energy consumption. In recent years, many researchers proposed that the combination of the two technologies can overcome this problem. In this case, both of them can be used as a pretreatment for the other to achieve different purposes. When MS is prior to EAOPs, the purpose is to reduce the turbidity as well as to concentrate pollutants and salinity in order to weaken the mass transfer limitation and increase the conductivity. When setting MS after EAOPs, the purpose is to treat the concentrate to meet the discharge standard or permeate water to further improve the quality for reuse. The combination of MS and EAOPs offers a valuable way to implement them in the practical project of wastewater treatment which deserves more attention.
  • 617
  • 20 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Plasmonic Biosensors for Single-molecule Detection
Plasmonic biosensing has enabled the design of novel detection strategies capable of targeting individual molecules while evaluating their binding affinity and biological interactions.
  • 617
  • 22 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Applications of Polysaccharide Stalks in Didymosphenia geminata Diatom
Didymosphenia geminata is a species of freshwater diatom that is known as invasive and is propagating quickly around the world. The polysaccharide-based stalks of D. geminata enable versatile potential applications and use as a biopolymer, in drug delivery and wound healing, and as biocompatible scaffolding in cell adhesion and proliferation. Furthermore, the polysaccharide nature of stalks and their metal-adsorption capacity allow them to have excellent wastewater remediation potential.
  • 617
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Nanoporous Stainless Steel Materials for Body Implants
Despite the inadequate biocompatibility, medical-grade stainless steel materials have been used as body implants for decades. The desired biological response of surfaces to specific applications in the body is a highly challenging task, and usually not all the requirements of a biomaterial can be achieved. Nanostructured surfaces have shown intriguing results as cell selectivity can be achieved by specific surface nanofeatures. Nanoporous structures can be fabricated by anodic oxidation, which has been widely studied for titanium and its alloys, while no systematic studies are available for stainless steel (SS) materials.
  • 617
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Skeletal Muscle Gene Delivery
Since Jon A. Wolff found skeletal muscle cells being able to express foreign genes and Russell J. Mumper increased the gene transfection efficiency into the myocytes by adding polymers, skeletal muscles have become a potential gene delivery and expression target. Different methods have been developing to deliver transgene into skeletal muscles. Among them, viral vectors may achieve potent gene delivery efficiency. Therefore, non-viral biomaterial-mediated methods with reliable biocompatibility are promising tools for intramuscular gene delivery in situ. A series of advanced non-viral gene delivery materials and related methods have been reported, such as polymers, liposomes, cell penetrating peptides, as well as physical delivery methods.
  • 617
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
1D MOS Nanostructures
1D electrospun MOS are basically nanofibers, nanotubes or nanowires, which are made of one or more semiconductor metal oxides or with other dopant material. Polymer/MOS precursor nanofibers that are formed in the electrospinning process are calcined until the polymer is removed and pristine MOS nanostructure is obtained.
  • 616
  • 10 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Laser Cladding Coatings on Magnesium Alloys
The surface properties of magnesium alloys can be improved by Laser Cladding in order to increase wear and corrosion resistance manteining the lower density of these alloys. This can make magnesium alloys a promising structural material to be used as a substitute for metals traditionally used in the automotive and aircraft sector. 
  • 616
  • 28 Mar 2022
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