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Topic Review
Guinea Worm Disease
Dracunculiasis, also known as Guinea worm disease (GWD), is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by a parasite (Dracunculus medinensis). In the past, dracunculiasis was known as “the disease of the empty granary” because of the difficulties patients had in going to work in fields or to school when affected by this disease. In tropical areas, the condition has been widespread in economically disadvantaged communities, and has been associated with reduced economic status and low levels of education. By development and optimization of multi-layered control measures, transmission by the vector has been interrupted, but there are foci in several African countries with a high risk of compromising the results obtained in the control of this neglected disease. 
  • 673
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Prone Positioning and COVID-19-Related Acute Respiratory Distress
The prone position is a non-invasive technique resulting from the mobilization of the patient, where the person is lying horizontally face down. This technique has been used since the 1970s, but it has gained great relevance in the last year owing to the COVID-19 pandemic with the use of invasive mechanical ventilation.
  • 670
  • 15 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Ketogenic Diet
The ketogenic diet, initially introduced in the early nineteenth century, refers to a diet pattern that is low in carbohydrates and high in fat with a moderate proportion of protein (1.2–1.5 g/kg).
  • 668
  • 02 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Influence of Whey Protein on Bakery Products
In addition to being an important source of nutrients, pasta and bakery products are consumed globally and so there is a growing need to study them in addition to other ingredients such as whey proteins. These dairy proteins are intended to improve the quality of these foods, as they have important nutritional, technological, and sensory properties that can be exploited. The importance of new formulations in the quality features of pasta and bakery products and gaining an understanding of how the ingredients can interfere with these foods are described. A summary of the latest progress in the application of whey protein in bakery products, as well as their types and quantities from a physicochemical and sensory point of view, is presented.
  • 668
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Cascade
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a heterogeneous population of tumor cells that have shed from a tumor into the lymphatics and vasculature, ultimately disseminating into blood circulation. Circulating tumor cells are a key player in cancer metastasis, a multi-step and complex process that involves (1) local invasion of primary tumor cells into adjacent tissue; (2) intravasation (trans-endothelial migration into nearby blood vessels); (3) circulation (transient travel and survival in the circulatory system as CTCs); (4) extravasation; (5) colonization. To successfully metastasize, CTCs must evade immune surveillance at every step once they leave the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. On the other hand, immune cells can promote or inhibit tumorigenesis, depending on the cell type and context.
  • 666
  • 04 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Wearable Sensing Technology and Long COVID
Long COVID consequences have changed the perception towards disease management, and it is moving towards personal healthcare monitoring. Wearable sensors are being explored for its simplicity, portability, and real time health monitoring system. These smart devices can detect physiological changes in the human body providing a real time solution for quicker medical decision.
  • 666
  • 09 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Machine Learning Applications in Antimicrobial Resistance
Machine learning (ML) algorithms are increasingly applied in medical research and in healthcare, gradually improving clinical practice. Among various applications of these novel methods, their usage in the combat against antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most crucial areas of interest, as increasing resistance to antibiotics and management of difficult-to-treat multidrug-resistant infections are significant challenges for most countries worldwide, with life-threatening consequences. ML methods have been developed to analyze bacterial genomes, forecast medication susceptibility, recognize epidemic patterns for surveillance purposes, or propose new antibacterial treatments or vaccines. In addition to developing new antibiotics, optimizing the use of current drugs has also been a key priority in stopping the spread of AMR, as one of the main drivers of AMR is the inappropriate use of antibiotics.
  • 665
  • 01 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Aptamer-Based Biosensors for Bisphenol A in Foodstuffs
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic compound utilized to manufacture plastics for Food Contact Materials (FCMs) or resins for the inside of food containers. Since it was recognized as an Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical (EDC), its implications in pathologies, such as cancer, obesity, diabetes, immune system alterations, and developmental and mental disorders, have been widely documented. Diet is considered the main source of exposure for humans to BPA. Consequently, continuous monitoring of the levels of BPA in foods is necessary to assess the risk associated with its consumption in one’s diet. 
  • 665
  • 29 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Regulation of Central and Peripheral Blood Pressure
Pressure in the primary arteries near the heart and the brain is known as central blood pressure (CBP), while that in the peripheral arteries is known as peripheral blood pressure (PBP). Usually, CBP and PBP are correlated. However, various types of shocks and cardiovascular disorders interfere with their regulation, and consequently, their correlation is lost. Therefore, understanding blood pressure in normal and disease conditions is essential for managing shock-related cardiovascular implications and improving treatment outcomes. 
  • 663
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Older Adult Fall Prevention
Falls are the second leading cause of accidental or non-intentional deaths worldwide and are the most common problem as people age. The primary purpose of addressing falls is to detect, prevent, treat, and reduce their incidence and consequences. Previous studies identified that multifactorial programs, an interprofessional team, and assistive technology are required to address falls in older adults effectively. Accordingly, the research question is as follows: what are the scope, type of studies, and approaches and strategies to fall risk using technology in the existing occupational therapy literature regarding interventions to address the effects of falls in older adults on daily living? 
  • 662
  • 31 Jan 2021
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