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Topic Review
Persons Experiencing Homelessness during COVID-19
Persons experiencing homelessness are at heightened risk for infection, morbidity, and mortality from COVID-19. However, health consequences of the pandemic extend far beyond those directly caused by the virus, including fear of infection, access to housing, hygiene, PPE, food, as well as mental health, substance use, other health-related outcomes and treatment services.
  • 361
  • 22 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Parental Influences on Children’s Eating Behaviours
Children's eating behaviours are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Parents appear to play a pivotal role in their development as the main responsible for shaping their children’s feeding environment and eating experiences. This influence begins even before birth, with exposure in utero, and continues throughout childhood, as parents provide the foods offered and interact with their children during mealtimes. However, the parent-child relationship is likely reciprocal as children's behaviours can also influence parental choices.
  • 360
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Genetic Counselling for Rare Diseases in Spain
Genetic Counseling is essential for providing personalized information and support to patients with Rare Diseases (RD). Unlike most other developed countries, Spain does not recognize geneticists or genetic counsellors as healthcare professionals. Thus, patients with RD face not only challenges associated with their own disease but also deal with lack of knowledge, uncertainty, and other psychosocial issues arising as a consequence of diagnostic delay.
  • 359
  • 24 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Aortic Stenosis and Cardiac Amyloidosis
The association between aortic stenosis (AS) and cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is more frequent than expected. Albeit rare, CA, particularly the transthyretin (ATTR) form, is commonly found in elderly people. ATTR-CA is also the most prevalent form in patients with AS. These conditions share pathophysiological, clinical and imaging findings, making the diagnostic process very challenging.
  • 359
  • 16 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Fatty Acids and Child Development Across the Globe
Malnutrition is prevalent in low-middle-income countries (LMICs), but it is usually clinically diagnosed through abnormal anthropometric parameters characteristic of protein energy malnutrition (PEM). In doing so, other contributors or byproducts of malnutrition, notably essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD), are overlooked. Previous research performed mainly in high-income countries (HICs) shows that deficiencies in essential fatty acids (EFAs) and their n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) byproducts (also known as highly unsaturated fatty acids or HUFAs) lead to both abnormal linear growth and impaired cognitive development. These adverse developmental outcomes remain an important public health issue in LMICs. To identify EFAD before severe malnutrition develops, clinicians should perform blood fatty acid panels to measure levels of fatty acids associated with EFAD, notably Mead acid and HUFAs.
  • 359
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Potential Health Benefits of Genetically Modified Rice
The production of rice, an important cereal crop and staple food for most of the world’s population, faces challenges due to climate change, the increasing global population, and the simultaneous prevalence of hunger and obesity worldwide. These issues could be addressed at least in part by genetically modified rice. Genetically modified rice has been approved by the ISAAA’s GM approval database as safe for human consumption. The aim behind the development of this rice is to improve the crop yield, nutritional value, and food safety of rice grains.
  • 356
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Nutritional Composition of Oily Fish
Oily fish is a rich source of energy, proteins, essential amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and minerals. Among the macronutrients with the highest contribution are lipids, mainly long-chain omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LC-PUFA), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Both EPA and DHA play a beneficial role in promoting health and preventing many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke and acute myocardial infarction. They also contribute to the prevention of neurological, metabolic, and immune-system-related diseases, as well as supporting body-weight control. Oily fish consumption is also important at different stages of human life, from conception to old age. 
  • 356
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Motor and Cognitive Functions with Home-Confinement COVID-19
Distancing and confinement at home during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has led to worsening of motor and cognitive functions, both for healthy adults and for patients with neurodegenerative diseases. The decrease in physical activity, the cessation of the intervention of the recovery and the social distance imposed by the lockdown, has had a negative impact on the physical and mental health, quality of life, daily activities, as well as on the behavioral attitudes of the diet.
  • 356
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Ontology-Based Parkinson’s Disease Monitoring and Alerting with PHKG-GNNs
In the realm of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) research, the integration of wearable sensor data with personal health records (PHR) has emerged as a pivotal avenue for patient alerting and monitoring. The complex domain of PD patient care was delved into, with a specific emphasis on harnessing the potential of wearable sensors to capture, represent and semantically analyze crucial movement data and knowledge. The primary objective is to enhance the assessment of PD patients by establishing a robust foundation for personalized health insights through the development of Personal Health Knowledge Graphs (PHKGs) and the employment of personal health Graph Neural Networks (PHGNNs) that utilize PHKGs. The objective is to formalize the representation of related integrated data, unified sensor and PHR data in higher levels of abstraction, i.e., in a PHKG, to facilitate interoperability and support rule-based high-level event recognition such as patient’s missing dose or falling. This is an extension of researchers' previous related work, presents the Wear4PDmove ontology in detail and evaluates the ontology within the development of an experimental PHKG. Furthermore, the integration and evaluation of PHKG within the implementation of a Graph Neural Network (GNN) are focused on. The importance of integrating PD-related data for monitoring and alerting patients with appropriate notifications are emphasized. These notifications offer health experts precise and timely information for the continuous evaluation of personal health-related events, ultimately contributing to enhanced patient care and well-informed medical decision-making. Finally, a novel approach for integrating personal health KGs and GNNs for PD monitoring and alerting solutions is proposed.
  • 356
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Risk-Reducing Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy
Risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (RRBSO) is the gold standard preventative option for BRCA mutation carriers at high risk for ovarian and breast cancer. RRBSO involves the surgical removal of both ovaries, as well as fallopian tubes, as fallopian tubes are increasingly being recognized as the site of origin for the most common and lethal form of ovarian cancer, high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) reccomend people with BRCA1 mutations to indergo RRBSO between the ages of 35 to 40 and upon completion of childbearing. Since the onset of ovarian cancer among BRCA2 mutations carriers is approximately 8 to 10 years later than in BRCA1 mutations carriers, the recommended timing of RRBSO is delayed to ages 40 to 45. Despite the effectiveness of undergoing RRBSO at the recommended age, it also induces immediate surgical menopause with an abrupt and significant decline in levels of sex hormones. As a result, surgical menopause is associated with various adverse physical, mental, and cognitive health outcomes. 
  • 356
  • 09 Feb 2023
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