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Topic Review
MMSE and MoCA
Objective: Primary care clinicians in Asia employed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to aid dementia diagnosis post-stroke. Recent studies questioned their clinical utility in stroke settings for relying on verbal abilities and education level, as well as lack of consideration for aphasia and neglect. We aimed to review the clinical utility of the MMSE and MoCA for stroke patients in Asia and provide recommendations for clinical practice.
  • 555
  • 02 Nov 2021
Topic Review
ML Application in ICU (MIMIC_Database)
Modern Intensive Care Units (ICUs) provide continuous monitoring of critically ill patients susceptible to many complications affecting morbidity and mortality. ICU settings require a high staff-to-patient ratio and generates a sheer volume of data. For clinicians, the real-time interpretation of data and decision-making is a challenging task. Machine Learning (ML) techniques in ICUs are making headway in the early detection of high-risk events due to increased processing power and freely available datasets such as the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC). We conducted a systematic literature review to evaluate the effectiveness of applying ML in the ICU settings using the MIMIC dataset. A total of 322 articles were reviewed and a quantitative descriptive analysis was performed on 61 qualified articles that applied ML techniques in ICU settings using MIMIC data. We assembled the qualified articles to provide insights into the areas of application, clinical variables used, and treatment outcomes that can pave the way for further adoption of this promising technology and possible use in routine clinical decision-making.
  • 611
  • 22 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Mitochondrial and Sperm Physiology
Besides ATP production, mitochondria are key organelles in several cellular functions, such as steroid hormone biosynthesis, calcium homoeostasis, intrinsic apoptotic pathway, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Despite the loss of the majority of the cytoplasm occurring during spermiogenesis, mammalian sperm preserves a number of mitochondria that rearrange in a tubular structure at the level of the sperm flagellum midpiece. Although sperm mitochondria are destroyed inside the zygote, the integrity and the functionality of these organelles seem to be critical for fertilization and embryo development. 
  • 494
  • 01 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Mitigation of Cadmium Toxicity
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental toxicant of public health significance worldwide. Diet is the main Cd exposure source in the non-occupationally exposed and non-smoking populations. Metal transporters for iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), and manganese (Mn) are involved in the assimilation and distribution of Cd to cells throughout the body. Due to an extremely slow elimination rate, most Cd is retained by cells, where it exerts toxicity through its interaction with sulfur-containing ligands, notably the thiol (-SH) functional group of cysteine, glutathione, and many Zn-dependent enzymes and transcription factors. The simultaneous induction of heme oxygenase-1 and the metal-binding protein metallothionein by Cd adversely affected the cellular redox state and caused the dysregulation of Fe, Zn, and copper. Experimental data indicate that Cd causes mitochondrial dysfunction via disrupting the metal homeostasis of this organelle. 
  • 286
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
MIS-C Associated with COVID-19
This study aimed to achieve a better understanding of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • 361
  • 19 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Mirror Neuron System to Treat Gait
Gait is affected from the early stages of the disease and its worsening runs parallel to the progression of the pathology where three phases could be established. Treatment of gait are focused on medication, brain surgery, and physiotherapy. The more used medication is levodopa, and regarding brain surgery, deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nuclei is the most used option. Both treatments lead to an improvement in spatiotemporal parameters of gait and freezing of gait (FOG), obtaining good results from the beginning up to two years after the intervention, but becoming less evident with the progression of parkinson's disease.
  • 374
  • 12 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Minimally Processed Fruits and Vegetables and One Health
While food markets and food production chains are experiencing exponential growth, global attention to food safety is steadily increasing. This is particularly crucial for ready-to-eat products such as fresh-cut salads and fruits, as these items are consumed raw without prior heat treatment, making the presence of pathogenic microorganisms quite frequent. Moreover, many studies on foodborne illnesses associated with these foods often overlook the transmission links from the initial contamination source.
  • 477
  • 15 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Minimally Invasive Capsule Panendoscopy
In the early 2000s, the introduction of single-camera wireless capsule endoscopy (CE) redefined small bowel study. Progress continued with the development of double-camera devices, first for the colon and rectum, and then, for panenteric assessment. Advancements continued with magnetic capsule endoscopy (MCE), particularly when assisted by a robotic arm, designed to enhance gastric evaluation.
  • 413
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Undergraduate Nursing Students
Undergraduate (UG) nursing students are vulnerable to stress throughout their education, known to result in burnout, with high attrition rates of up to 33%. There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that mindfulness-based interventions are effective for the management of anxiety, depression and wellbeing, thereby reducing stress in healthcare provider populations. 
  • 752
  • 18 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Milk-Derived Antiviral Peptides Targeting Zoonotic Viruses
Animals often serve as reservoirs for viral zoonoses, diseases transmissible from animals to humans. While zoonotic viral diseases have been present in human populations since the inception of agricultural practices, they have gained increasing prominence as a global public health concern, particularly with recent epidemics like SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Some of these diseases are categorized as “emerging infectious diseases” due to their newfound recognition or significant changes in their range and epidemiology. Notable zoonotic diseases include influenza, Ebola virus, West Nile virus, emerging coronaviruses, monkeypox, rabies, Zika, and Lyme disease. Six out of every ten infectious diseases in humans are zoonotic, with many being viral. Therefore, it is imperative to enhance our capabilities to prevent and respond to these diseases, adopting a One Health approach. Finding new therapies and ways to prevent viral zoonoses is just as important as increasing efforts on surveillance and early detection, and with the rising amount of research demonstrating the potential of bioactive peptides produced from milk as antivirals, a vital opportunity arises to assess their usage in viral diseases with a focus on One Health. Indeed, several peptides derived from milk protein parents have shown potential for zoonotic viral diseases. 
  • 99
  • 20 Feb 2024
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