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Topic Review
Earthquake-Triggered Respiratory Infectious Diseases
Earthquakes are among the most impressive natural phenomena with very high potential to set off a chain of effects that significantly affects public health. Related disasters are attributed not only to the strong ground motion and coseismic phenomena but also to secondary effects, comprising mainly landslides and tsunamis, among others. All these can create harsh conditions favorable for the emergence of infectious diseases.
  • 893
  • 14 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Training for Food Handlers in Italian Regions
Food safety has always been a public health challenge. Globally, food safety control is supported by laws and preventive measures, such as inspections conducted from primary production to market, “from farm to fork” as emphasized by the European Union and training of Food Handlers (FHs). This latter preventive measure plays a very important role, and for this reason a review of training courses regulations provided in the different Italian regions was conducted. 
  • 271
  • 14 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health in Adolescents
Globally, adolescents of varying backgrounds experience higher rates of anxiety, depression, and stress due to the pandemic. Secondly, adolescents also have a higher frequency of using alcohol and cannabis during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, social support, positive coping skills, home quarantining, and parent–child discussions seem to positively impact adolescent mental health during this period of crisis. Whether in the United States or abroad, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted adolescent mental health. Therefore, it is important to seek and to use all of the available resources and therapies to help adolescents mediate the adjustments caused by the pandemic.
  • 297
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Lipoxygenases and Arachidonic Acid in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Glioblastoma multiforme is a brain tumor with a very unfavorable prognosis, where the vast majority of patients do not survive a year after diagnosis. Arachidonic acid ARA C20:4n-6 in humans is not synthesized de novo but from linoleic acid C18:2n-6 in the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biosynthesis pathway. In addition to the cyclooxygenases (COX) pathway, PUFA can be transformed with lipoxygenases (LOX). These enzymes exhibit dioxygenase activity, catalyzing the insertion of a hydroperoxyl group into a PUFA, most commonly ARA 20:4n-6.
  • 597
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Static Stretching Exercises
The utility of flexibility as a standard component of physical fitness has recently been questioned, sparking a heated debate among scientists. Rsearchers conducted a narrative review of the existing knowledge and concluded that flexibility deserves to be further considered as a standard component of physical fitness. This is based on the findings that in addition to flexibility, long-term static stretching training induces positive effects on muscle strength, muscle power, and muscle hypertrophy, irrespective of age and sex. There are also indications that long-term static stretching training could mitigate the risk of injury. Furthermore, promising evidence shows that combining resistance training with static stretching exercises constitutes an effective approach benefiting muscle strength and hypertrophy more than resistance training alone. Overall, researchers would not support the recent suggestion that flexibility should be retired as a standard component of physical fitness and researchers would advocate for a continuous emphasis on the prescription of stretching exercises.
  • 399
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Mutual Regulatory Mechanisms between N6-metyladenosine Modification and miRNAs
N6-metyladenosine (m6A), one of the most common RNA methylation modifications in mammals, has attracted extensive attentions owing to its regulatory roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. As a reversible epigenetic modification on RNAs, m6A is dynamically mediated by the functional interplay among the regulatory proteins of methyltransferases, demethylases and methyl-binding proteins. It has become increasingly clear that m6A modification is associated with the production and function of microRNAs (miRNAs).
  • 521
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Regulation of Central and Peripheral Blood Pressure
Pressure in the primary arteries near the heart and the brain is known as central blood pressure (CBP), while that in the peripheral arteries is known as peripheral blood pressure (PBP). Usually, CBP and PBP are correlated. However, various types of shocks and cardiovascular disorders interfere with their regulation, and consequently, their correlation is lost. Therefore, understanding blood pressure in normal and disease conditions is essential for managing shock-related cardiovascular implications and improving treatment outcomes. 
  • 663
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Risk Factors of Sleep Apnea
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition in which there is a recurrent collapse of the upper airway while sleeping, is a widespread disease affecting 5% to 10% people worldwide. Despite several advances in the treatment modalities for OSA, morbidity and mortality remain a concern. Common symptoms include loud snoring, gasping for air during sleep, morning headache, insomnia, hypersomnia, attention deficits, and irritability. Obese individuals, male gender, older age (65+), family history, smoking, and alcohol consumption are well recognized risk factors of OSA.
  • 409
  • 09 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Risk-Reducing Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy
Risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (RRBSO) is the gold standard preventative option for BRCA mutation carriers at high risk for ovarian and breast cancer. RRBSO involves the surgical removal of both ovaries, as well as fallopian tubes, as fallopian tubes are increasingly being recognized as the site of origin for the most common and lethal form of ovarian cancer, high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) reccomend people with BRCA1 mutations to indergo RRBSO between the ages of 35 to 40 and upon completion of childbearing. Since the onset of ovarian cancer among BRCA2 mutations carriers is approximately 8 to 10 years later than in BRCA1 mutations carriers, the recommended timing of RRBSO is delayed to ages 40 to 45. Despite the effectiveness of undergoing RRBSO at the recommended age, it also induces immediate surgical menopause with an abrupt and significant decline in levels of sex hormones. As a result, surgical menopause is associated with various adverse physical, mental, and cognitive health outcomes. 
  • 351
  • 09 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Cerebrovascular Diseases and COVID-19
Neurons are the basic building blocks of the human body’s neurological system. Atrophy is defined by the disintegration of the connections between cells that enable them to communicate. Peripheral neuropathy and demyelinating disorders, as well as cerebrovascular illnesses and central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory diseases, have all been linked to brain damage, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). It turns out that these diseases have a direct impact on brain atrophy. However, it may take some time after the onset of one of these diseases for this atrophy to be clearly diagnosed. With the emergence of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there were several clinical observations of COVID-19 patients.
  • 385
  • 08 Feb 2023
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