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Topic Review
Biography
Topic Review
Massage Therapy Effects on Sport and Exercise Performance
A massage is a tool that is frequently used in sports and exercise in general for recovery and increased performance. Massages, in general, do not affect motor abilities, except flexibility. However, several studies demonstrated that positive muscle force and strength changed 48 h after the massage was given. Concerning neurophysiological parameters, the massage did not change blood lactate clearance, muscle blood flow, muscle temperature, or activation. However, many studies indicate pain reduction and delayed onset muscle soreness, which are probably correlated with the reduction of the level of creatine kinase enzyme and psychological mechanisms. In addition, the massage treatment led to a decrease in depression, stress, anxiety, and the perception of fatigue and an increase in mood, relaxation, and the perception of recovery.
365
15 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Morphologenetic and Molecular Mechanisms in Mammalian Palatogenesis
Palatogenesis is a complex and intricate process involving the formation of the palate through various morphogenetic events highly dependent on the surrounding context. These events comprise outgrowth of palatal shelves from embryonic maxillary prominences, their elevation from a vertical to a horizontal position above the tongue, and their subsequent adhesion and fusion at the midline to separate oral and nasal cavities. Disruptions in any of these processes can result in cleft palate, a common congenital abnormality that significantly affects patient’s quality of life, despite surgical intervention. Although many genes involved in palatogenesis have been identified through studies on genetically modified mice and human genetics, the precise roles of these genes and their products in signaling networks that regulate palatogenesis remain elusive.
346
09 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Subtelomeric Heterochromatin in Rye
The genome of cultivated rye, Secale cereale L., is considered one of the largest among species of the tribe Triticeae and thus it tops the average angiosperm genome and the genomes of its closest evolutionary neighbors, such as species of barley, Hordeum (by approximately 30–35%), and diploid wheat species, Triticum (approximately 25%).The review provides an analysis of the structural organization of subtelomeric heterochromatic regions of rye chromosomes with a description of the molecular mechanisms contributing to their size increase during evolution and the classes of DNA sequences involved in these processes.
341
26 Jun 2023
Biography
Juan Valverde de Amusco
Juan Valverde de Amusco (Figure 1) was born in 1525 in the town of Hamusco (now Amusco) in the shire of Tierra de Campos (Crown of Castile, presently Palencia, Spain). There are few precise records of his life. The safest ones come from small comments disseminated throughout his books. The details regarding his childhood and youth remain unconfirmed. His probable Jewish origin has been suggested
332
10 Jan 2024
Topic Review
HMGB1 and Post-Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is characterized by a robust sterile inflammatory response immediately after the subarachnoidal bleed. Several damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) are liberated upon injury of the brain cells from different intracellular compartments and have the capability to activate immune cells through the ligation of their cognizant receptors (pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)). Among them, high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), which acts normally as a transcription factor, when released extracellularly upregulates inflammation due to its interaction with TLR-2, TLR-4 and RAGE during early brain injury after aSAH. However, recent investigations show that different isoforms of HMGB1 exist and may dominate during different phases of the brain injury with different consequences. Surprisingly, the oxidized isoform of HMGB1 plays an anti-inflammatory and pro-resovling role contrary to well accepted pro-inflammatory role of HMGB1 after aSAH.
329
17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Real-Time Medical Diagnostic Equipment of Triboelectric Nanogenerators
The vast majority of diseases cause a gradual deterioration in the patient over time, and the rapid detection and treatment of diseases in their early stages can not only greatly reduce the investment in medical treatment required for patients, but also effectively reduce the severity of sequelae. TENG-based real-time medical monitoring equipment can provide a variety of physiological data measurements of the human body over a long time. And the equipment has different outputs with different raw materials and testing positions. Through terminal data analysis and processing, diseases can be quickly diagnosed, and personalized treatment plans can be provided for patients, effectively improving the use of medical resources.
324
23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Anti-Cancer Potential of Edible/Medicinal Mushrooms in Breast Cancer
Edible/medicinal mushrooms have been traditionally used in Asian countries either in the cuisine or as dietary supplements and nutraceuticals. Among the different pharmacological activities reported (antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiviral, immunomodulating, antidiabetic, etc.), edible/medicinal mushrooms have been shown to exert in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects on several kinds of tumors, including breast cancer.
324
25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Adrenal Gland of Squamata
The adrenal gland is a complex endocrine organ composed of two components: a steroidogenic tissue, which produces steroid hormones, and a chromaffin tissue, which mainly produces norepinephrine and epinephrine. Through evolution, their relationships with each other changed. They begin as isolated chromaffin and steroidogenic cell aggregates, typical of fish, and end with the advanced compact gland, typical of mammals, which consists of an external steroidogenic cortical zone and an internal chromaffin medullary zone. The adrenal gland of reptiles is unique because, with few exceptions, it is near the gonads and genital ducts, and the chromaffin and steroidogenic tissues are closely associated.
323
31 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Structure-Dynamic Determinants of Regulatory Divergence in Eukaryotic NCXs
The plasma-membrane Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCXs) mediate Ca2+ extrusion/entry to dynamically shape Ca2+ signaling in biological systems ranging from bacteria to humans. The NCX gene orthologs, isoforms, and their splice variants are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and exhibit nearly 104-fold differences in the transport rates and diverse regulatory specificities to match the cell-specific requirements. About 280 residues are directly involved in the folding of Ca2+ binding CBD1 and CBD2 domains that form a two-domain regulatory tandem (CBD12). The X-ray and NMR structures of the CBD1, CBD2, and CBD12 domains reveal a β-immunoglobulin (Ig)-like folding, where two antiparallel β-sheets (with A-B-E and D-C-F-G strands) form a seven-strand β-sandwich motif. The remarkable similarity between the folding structures of CBD1 and CBD2 is evident since the overlay of the CBD1 and CBD2 crystal structures display nearly identical folding with RMSD = 1.3 Å, although all the Ca2+ binding sites in both CBDs reside at the C-terminal ends of distal loops. However, the striking difference between the CBDs is that the CBD1 domain contains four Ca2+ binding sites in all known variants, whereas in the CBD2 domain, the splicing segment varies the number of Ca2+ binding sites from zero to three. The challenge is to resolve the underlying structure-dynamic mechanisms that can explain how the Ca2+ interactions with different variants of eukaryotic NCXs can result in positive, negative, and neutral responses.
318
09 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Plasma Membrane in Atherogenesis
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are an important medical problem due to their high prevalence, impact on quality of life and prognosis. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is an urgent medical and social problem, the solution of which may improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment of patients. Atherosclerosis is a complex chain of events, which proceeds and in which many cells in the bloodstream and the vascular wall are involved. A growing body of evidence suggests that there are complex, closely linked molecular mechanisms that occur in the plasma membranes of cells involved in atherogenesis. Lipid transport, innate immune system receptor function, and hemodynamic regulation are linked to plasma membranes and their biophysical properties. A better understanding of these interrelationships will improve diagnostic quality and treatment efficacy.
317
21 Nov 2022
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