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Topic Review
MSCs in Cell and Cell-Free Therapies
The progressive loss of the regenerative potential of tissues is one of the most obvious consequences of aging, driven by altered intercellular communication, cell senescence and niche-specific stem cell exhaustion, among other drivers. Mesenchymal tissues, such as bone, cartilage and fat, which originate from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation, are especially affected by aging. Senescent MSCs show limited proliferative capacity and impairment in key defining features: their multipotent differentiation and secretory abilities, leading to diminished function and deleterious consequences for tissue homeostasis. 
  • 374
  • 26 Oct 2021
Topic Review
End-of-Life Care for Patients with Advanced COPD
Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may lead to a rapid decline in health and subsequent death, an unfortunate tyranny of having COPD—an irreversible health condition of 16 million individuals in the USA totaling 60 million in the world. While COPD is the third largest leading cause of death, causing 3.23 million deaths worldwide in 2019 (according to the WHO), most patients with COPD do not receive adequate treatment at the end stages of life. Although death is inevitable, the trajectory towards end-of-life is less predictable in severe COPD. Thus, clinician-patient discussion for end-of-life and palliative care could bring a meaningful life-prospective to patients with advanced COPD. 
  • 368
  • 21 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Geriatric Assessment-Driven Interventions in Older Adults with Cancer
Comprehensive geriatric assessment is defined as a multi-dimensional, multi-disciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic process that is conducted to determine the medical, mental, and functional problems that older people with frailty have so that a coordinated and integrated plan for treatment and follow-up can be developed. Progress has been made in the definition of the best way to detect problems, but the benefits are mostly based on prognosis stratification and on the adaptation of cancer treatment.
  • 362
  • 06 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Subtle Daily Behavioral Changes and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Short-term memory impairment, disorientation, and visuospatial deficits are the main symptoms in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and very mild  Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Interestingly, patients with MCI and very mild AD have subtle changes in their daily behavioral patterns alongside these main symptoms. Thus, subtle changes in daily behavioral patterns may be an indicator of early MCI and AD detection.
  • 361
  • 21 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Cannabinoid Systems and the Brain
The use of cannabinoids as therapeutic drugs has increased among aging populations. Age-related changes in the endogenous cannabinoid system could influence the effects of therapies that target the cannabinoid system. At the preclinical level, cannabidiol (CBD) induces anti-amyloidogenic, antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic role of cannabinoids to neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer. 
  • 359
  • 16 Dec 2022
Topic Review
DXA-Derived Indices in the Characterisation of Sarcopenia
Sarcopenia is linked with increased risk of falls, osteoporosis and mortality. No consensus exists about a gold standard “dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) index for muscle mass determination” in sarcopenia diagnosis. Thus, many indices exist, but data on sarcopenia diagnosis agreement are scarce. Regarding sarcopenia diagnosis reliability, the impact of influencing factors on sarcopenia prevalence, diagnosis agreement and reliability are almost completely missing. 
  • 348
  • 10 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Mechanism of Saponins in Treating Alzheimer’s Disease
Drug development for Alzheimer’s disease, the leading cause of dementia, has been a long-standing challenge. Saponins, which are steroid or triterpenoid glycosides with various pharmacological activities, have displayed therapeutic potential in treating Alzheimer’s disease. 
  • 325
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Strategies for the Appropriateness of Medication Use
The evidence on the effectiveness of strategies and tools to promote and improve medication appropriateness and their sustainability largely derives from local and heterogeneous experiences with contrasting results. As a general framework, three main steps should be considered in implementing measures to improve the appropriateness of medications: prescription, acceptance by the patient, and continuous monitoring of adherence and the risk-benefit profile. Each step needs efforts from specific actors (physicians, patients, caregivers, healthcare professionals) and dedicated supporting tools. Moreover, how to support the appropriateness also strictly depends on the particular care setting (hospital, ambulatory or primary care, nursing home, long-term care) and available economic resources. 
  • 306
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists in Neuroinflammation for Dementia
Prolonged activation of pro-inflammatory responses in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) alters function of glial cells and in turn, further accelerates neuroinflammation. Subsequent synaptic dysfunction and loss of neurons are responsible for clinical symptoms of the disease. Additionally, factors such as insufficient sleep length and subsequent reduction in amyloid clearance via the glymphatic system lead to amyloid accumulation, while simultaneously aggravating systemic inflammatory response. Inflammation in vascular dementia (VaD) contributes to the three-hit hypothesis, along with hypertension and hypoxia. Vasculitis is responsible for restricted blood circulation in microvessels and leads to decreased oxygen supply and regional glial activation favoring neuroinflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Peripheral immune response and increased cytokine production, including an early surge in TNF and IL-1β concentrations activate glia, leading to aggravation of neuroinflammation and dysfunction of neurons during COVID-19. Lifestyle factors, such as diet, have a large impact on future cognitive outcomes and should be included as a crucial intervention in dementia prevention.
  • 294
  • 09 Jan 2023
Topic Review
CDGSH Iron-Sulfur Domain 2 Mediates Lifespan and Healthspan
An age-dependent decrease in CDGSH (Cys-Asp-Gly-Ser-His) iron-sulfur domain 2 (CISD2) expression during the natural aging of mice has been reported in a range of tissues, including the brain, spinal cord, skeletal muscle, heart, and skin. However, the rate of CISD2 downregulation varies from tissue to tissue.
  • 293
  • 22 Nov 2022
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