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Topic Review
Potential of Noscapine in Cancer Treatment
Noscapine is a naturally occurring alkaloid isolated from Papaver somniferum, commonly known as opium poppy or bread seed poppy. It edges over other opioids as it lacks addictive, sedative or euphoric effects. Noscapine, a substance first noted for its antitussive and anti-stroke qualities, has drawn significant interest for its potential as a cancer treatment.
  • 99
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Venom Insulin Derived from Cone Snails
Cone snails possess a diverse array of novel peptide toxins, which selectively target ion channels and receptors in the nervous and cardiovascular systems. These numerous novel peptide toxins are a valuable resource for future marine drug development. 
  • 66
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Role of the Complement System in HUS
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is an acute disease and the most common cause of childhood acute renal failure. HUS is characterized by a triad of symptoms: microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. In most of the cases, HUS occurs as a result of infection caused by Shiga toxin-producing microbes: hemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae type 1. They account for up to 90% of all cases of HUS. The remaining 10% of cases grouped under the general term atypical HUS represent a heterogeneous group of diseases with similar clinical signs. Emerging evidence suggests that in addition to E. coli and S. dysenteriae type 1, a variety of bacterial and viral infections can cause the development of HUS. In particular, infectious diseases act as the main cause of aHUS recurrence. The pathogenesis of most cases of atypical HUS is based on congenital or acquired defects of complement system. 
  • 86
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Astroglial Cells in Traumatic Brain Injury Management
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) represents a significant health concern, necessitating advanced therapeutic interventions. Following injury, astrocytes exhibit reactive transformations, differentiating into pro-inflammatory (A1) and neuroprotective (A2) phenotypes. 
  • 91
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Targeted Glioma Therapy
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of glioma, with a median survival of 14.6 months post-diagnosis. Understanding the molecular profile of such tumors allowed the development of specific targeted therapies toward GBM, with a major role attributed to tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Targeted therapeutics are drugs that work by specific binding to GBM-specific or overexpressed markers on the tumor cellular surface and therefore contain a recognition moiety linked to a cytotoxic agent, which produces an antiproliferative effect. 
  • 53
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Stem Cells as Therapeutics for Ischaemic Stroke
Stroke remains one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Current reperfusion treatments for ischaemic stroke are limited due to their narrow therapeutic window in rescuing ischaemic penumbra. Stem cell therapy offers a promising alternative. As a regenerative medicine, stem cells offer a wider range of treatment strategies, including long-term intervention for chronic patients, through the reparation and replacement of injured cells via mechanisms of differentiation and proliferation.
  • 124
  • 16 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Medical Case-Based Multiple-Choice Questions
Moving from old-style multiple-choice questions (MCQs) to ones that are more related to real clinical situations is really important. It helps in growing critical thinking and practical use, especially since MCQs are still the primary method for testing knowledge in medicine.
  • 215
  • 15 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a crucial tool in healthcare with the primary aim of improving patient outcomes and optimizing healthcare delivery. By harnessing machine learning algorithms, natural language processing, and computer vision, AI enables the analysis of complex medical data. The integration of AI into healthcare systems aims to support clinicians, personalize patient care, and enhance population health, all while addressing the challenges posed by rising costs and limited resources. 
  • 220
  • 12 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Lysosomal Storage Disorders Linked to Impaired Autophagy
Lysosomes are the main organelles responsible for the degradation of macromolecules in eukaryotic cells. Beyond their fundamental role in degradation, lysosomes are involved in different physiological processes such as autophagy, nutrient sensing, and intracellular signaling. In some circumstances, lysosomal abnormalities underlie several human pathologies with different etiologies known as Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs). These disorders can result from deficiencies in primary lysosomal enzymes, dysfunction of lysosomal enzyme activators, alterations in modifiers that impact lysosomal function, or changes in membrane-associated proteins, among other factors. 
  • 79
  • 10 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Delivery Systems
An insulin pump is an electronic device that releases rapid insulin according to the body’s daily needs. Insulin pumps deliver insulin in two primary ways: A continuous infusion of small amounts of rapid insulin throughout the day and night (basal rate) and A one-time dose of rapid-acting insulin for meals or high blood glucose correction (bolus).
  • 224
  • 10 Jan 2024
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