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Topic Review
Systems Medicine, Redoxomics and Type 2 Diabetes
Medicine has largely utilized a reductionist approach in which disease states are generally reduced to a single organ or defect. Consequently, this approach often overlooks potential interactions between both intrinsic and extrinsic modulators and environmental risk factors. Alternatively, an integrative systems medicine approach is becoming increasingly favored. Redoxomics is a branch of systems medicine focusing on oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidants. Systems medicine, also referred to as precision or “P4” medicine, captures the power of omics technologies, such as genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, and their interaction with environmental factors like nutrition and the gut microbiome.
  • 400
  • 13 Jul 2022
Topic Review
T2D Risk in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at increased risk for dysglycemia and type 2 diabetes compared to healthy BMI-matched women of reproductive age.
  • 316
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Targeted Therapeutic Approach for AML
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenous hematopoietic neoplasm with various genetic abnormalities in myeloid stem cells leading to differentiation arrest and accumulation of leukemic cells in bone marrow (BM). The multiple genetic alterations identified in leukemic cells at diagnosis are the mainstay of World Health Organization classification for AML and have important prognostic implications. Recently, understanding of heterogeneous and complicated molecular abnormalities of the disease could lead to the development of novel targeted therapeutic agents. In the past years, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, BCL-2 inhibitors (venetovlax), IDH 1/2 inhibitors (ivosidenib and enasidenib) FLT3 inhibitors (midostaurin, gilteritinib, and enasidenib), and hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitors (gladegib) have received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of AML. Especially, AML patients with elderly age and/or significant comorbidities are not currently suitable for intensive chemotherapy. Thus, novel therapeutic planning including the abovementioned target therapies could lead to improve clinical outcomes in the patients.
  • 481
  • 01 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Targeted Therapies for Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Several new targeted therapies were developed for familial hypercholesterolemia, and some are being tested to achieve the low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-C goals for high-/very-high-risk familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) patients as recommended by the ESC/EAS 2016–2019 guidelines. The advantage of targeted therapies is that they provide clinicians with the power to practice personalized or precision medicine with the aim of achieving better risk/benefit and cost/effectiveness of therapies.
  • 358
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Targeted Therapy for DLBCL
Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL)s, the most common type of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, constitute a heterogeneous group of disorders including different disease sites, strikingly diverse molecular features and a profound variability in the clinical behavior. Molecular studies and clinical trials have partially revealed the underlying causes for this variability and have made possible the recognition of some molecular variants susceptible of specific therapeutic approaches. The main histogenetic groups include the germinal center, activated B cells, thymic B cells and terminally differentiated B cells, a basic scheme where the large majority of DLBCL cases can be ascribed. The nodal/extranodal origin, specific mutational changes and microenvironment peculiarities provide additional layers of complexity.
  • 545
  • 17 May 2021
Topic Review
Taurine in Mitochondria Health
Taurine is a naturally occurring sulfur-containing amino acid that is found abundantly in excitatory tissues, such as the heart, brain, retina and skeletal muscles. Taurine was first isolated in the 1800s, but not much was known about this molecule until the 1990s. In 1985, taurine was first approved as the treatment among heart failure patients in Japan. Accumulating studies have shown that taurine supplementation also protects against pathologies associated with mitochondrial defects, such as aging, mitochondrial diseases, metabolic syndrome, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders.
  • 827
  • 17 Aug 2021
Topic Review
TDM of Antiseizure Medications
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antiseizure medications (ASMs) represents a valuable tool to establish an appropriate patient therapy, to collect important information about drugs’ interactions and to evaluate patient’s metabolic capabilities. In recent years, a new volumetric absorptive microsampling technique using VAMS® technology and Mitra® devices, consisting of a sampling technique for the collection of fixed-volume capillary blood, was developed. These new devices provide a new home-sampling technique for whole blood that has been spread out to simplify sample collection from finger-pricks. 
  • 310
  • 08 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Telemedicine in Glycemic Control in Diabetes during COVID-19
Telemedicine can be an effective tool for managing chronic diseases. The disruption in traditional diabetes care resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic led to global interest in telemedicine. 
  • 125
  • 26 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Telephone Counseling
Telephone counseling refers to any type of psychological service performed over the telephone. Telephone counseling ranges from individual, couple or group psychotherapy with a professional therapist to psychological first aid provided by para-professional counselors. In-person therapists often advise clients to make use of telephone crisis counseling to provide the client with an avenue to obtain support outside of therapy if they cannot be reached in an emergency or at the conclusion of a therapeutic relationship. Telephone counseling is also provided by crisis hotlines, quitlines, and child helplines.
  • 275
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Telomerase in Brain
Telomerase is an enzyme that in its canonical function extends and maintains telomeres, the ends of chromosomes. However, telomere-independent functions are known for the telomerase protein TERT like shuttling from the nucleus to mitochondria where it decreases oxidative stress, apoptosis sensitivity and DNA damage. Recently, a protective role of TERT was found in brain where it protects neurons from stress and toxic proteins connected to neurodegenerative diseases. Telomerase activators are able to boost this protection in brain. The entry summarises our current knowledge about telomerase in the brain and highlights possible therapeutic approaches.
  • 625
  • 31 May 2021
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