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Topic Review
Percutaneous Biliary Drainage
Ultrasound guidance in biliary interventions has become the standard tool to facilitate percutaneous biliary drainage as well as percutaneous gall bladder drainage. Monitoring of the needle tip whilst penetrating the tissue in real time using ultrasound allows precise manoeuvres and exact targeting without radiation exposure.
  • 83
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
The Role of Pocus in Acute Respiratory Failure
Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a challenging condition that clinicians, especially in emergency settings, have to face frequently. Especially in emergency settings, many underlying diseases can lead to ARF and life-threatening conditions have to be promptly assessed and correctly treated to avoid unfavorable outcomes. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) gained growing consideration due to its bedside utilization, reliability and reproducibility even in emergency settings especially in unstable patients.
  • 53
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Traumatic Cardiac Arrest
A paradigm shift in traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) perception switched the traditional belief of futility of TCA resuscitation to a more optimistic perspective, at least in selected cases. The goal of TCA resuscitation is to rapidly and aggressively treat the common potentially reversible causes of TCA. Advances in diagnostics and therapy in TCA are ongoing; however, they are not always translating into improved outcomes. Further research is needed to improve outcome in this often young and previously healthy patient population.
  • 120
  • 26 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Hypothermia
Hypothermia is a widespread condition all over the world, with a high risk of mortality in pre-hospital and in-hospital settings when it is not promptly and adequately treated. Hypothermia can occur due to unfavorable environmental conditions as well as internal causes, such as pathological states that result in reduced heat production, increased heat loss or ineffectiveness of the thermal regulation system. The consequences of hypothermia affect several systems in the body—the cardiovascular system, the central and peripheral nervous systems, the respiratory system, the endocrine system and the gastrointestinal system—but also kidney function, electrolyte balance and coagulation. 
  • 100
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Addressing Challenges in EMS Department Operations
Emergency medical services (EMS) are essential in providing timely medical attention and transportation to people in need during times of crisis. Effective EMS operations are crucial for delivering prompt and effective healthcare. However, the landscape of EMS operations is constantly evolving, posing a number of challenges that require rigorous research and innovative solutions.
  • 153
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapies and Clinical Diagnosis
Timely diagnosis and appropriate antitumoral treatments remain of utmost importance, since cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Within this context, nanotechnology offers specific benefits in terms of cancer therapy by reducing its adverse effects and guiding drugs to selectively target cancer cells.
  • 204
  • 23 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Differential Diagnosis of Acute Pelvic Pain
In female patients, acute pelvic pain can be caused by gynaecological, gastrointestinal, and urinary tract pathologies. Due to the variety of diagnostic possibilities, the correct assessment of these patients may be challenging. The most frequent gynaecological causes of acute pelvic pain in non-pregnant women are pelvic inflammatory disease, ruptured ovarian cysts, ovarian torsion, and degeneration or torsion of uterine leiomyomas. On the other hand, spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and placental disorders are the most frequent gynaecological entities to cause acute pelvic pain in pregnant patients.
  • 130
  • 26 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Hemoptysis in Cancer Patients
Hemoptysis in cancer patients is a potentially serious symptom that requires detailed evaluation by oncologists and emergency department physicians. Timely diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to address both the immediate concern of bleeding and the broader implications for the patient's cancer care. As hemoptysis in cancer patients indicates the presence of complications or progression of the disease, investigating the underlying cause using appropriate diagnostic procedures such as imaging studies (CT scans, bronchoscopy) and laboratory tests is vital, as it can significantly impact treatment choices and potentially alter the patient's overall prognosis. Risk stratification for cancer patients presenting with hemoptysis will support a personalized treatment approach that ensures that each patient receives tailored and effective care and identifies patients who are at a higher risk of deterioration, warranting more aggressive diagnostic and treatment plans and close, continuous monitoring for these patients.
  • 124
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Bedside Testing in Acute Vestibular Syndrome
Patients with stroke and vestibular neuritis can both present with an acute vestibular syndrome (AVS). Patients with AVS have acute-onset, continuous vertigo, dizziness, or unsteadiness lasting days to weeks, usually associated with vomiting, nystagmus, severe postural instability, and head movement intolerance.
  • 181
  • 06 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Pain Management at the End of Life
Access to pain management is a fundamental human right for all people, including those who are at the end of life (EOL). In end-stage patients, severe and uncontrolled pain is a common cause of admission to the emergency department (ED), and its treatment is challenging due to its complex, often multifactorial genesis.
  • 185
  • 14 Jul 2023
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