Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Optical Properties of Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles
Plasmonic phenomena and materials have been extensively investigated for a long time and gained popularity in the last few years, finding in the design of the biosensors platforms promising applications offering devices with excellent performances. Hybrid systems composed of graphene, or other 2D materials, and plasmonic metal nanostructures present extraordinary optical properties originated from the synergic connection between plasmonic optical effects and the unusual physicochemical properties of 2D materials, thus improving their application in a broad range of fields. 
  • 1.0K
  • 08 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Lipid Bilayers on Silicon Substrates
Artificial membranes are models for biological systems that are important for several applications. In the present entry we talk about artificial membranes such as supported lipid bilayers (SLB) and ways to self- assemble them. We mainly focus on the results of a new dry evaporation process in high vacuum, i.e., physical vapor deposition, to make samples of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) on silicon substrates. We have characterized the main phase transitions and adhesion of our SLBs using high-resolution ellipsometry and AFM techniques. The finding of this new SLB fabrication approach is relevant for the understanding the interaction of lipid bilayers in contact with surfaces in dry environments, with the aim to develop new kinds of lab-on-chip bionanosensors. This discovery is especially relevant in the context of the viability of organisms covered with lipid bilayer structures. An example of this kind of interaction occurs between bilayer-protected viruses, e.g., corona viruses, and solid surfaces, allowing the virus to stay active during long periods of time. The prolonged stability of SLBs on dry SiO2/Si substrates detected in our research can explain the long-term stability of some viruses deposited or adsorbed on dry surfaces, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus. 
  • 941
  • 03 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Cellulose and Microfluidics
Cellulose, a linear polysaccharide, is the most common and renewable biopolymer in nature.
  • 917
  • 10 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Calculation of the transition temperature of superconducting elements
Using the Roeser-Huber formalism, we establish a non-trivial relation between the crystal structure and the transition temperature, Tc, to the superconducting state. By means of this relation, we can calculate Tc for practically all superconducting elements quite accurately within a small error margin. It is shown that this works well also for polymorphic elements and elements under pressure. Furthermore, the Roeser-Huber formalism implies that all calculated data fall on a common line with the slope m1 = h2/(2πkB) = 5.061 × 10−45 m2 kg K, when plotting log(Σ((2x)-2n1-1ML-1))-1 versus 1/Tc, which can be employed as a test when predicting Tc of unknown superconductors.
  • 856
  • 21 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Ferromagnetic
Ferromagnetism is a phenomenon whereby a substance can become a permanent magnet or strongly reacts to a magnetic field. 
  • 820
  • 27 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Rigid Templates for Fabricating 3D Nanostructures
Rigid templates are defined as opposed to soft templates, and are made of hard materials. Rigid templates have good chemical stability and mechanical rigidity, which are mostly used for the fabrication of nanostructure arrays. A wide choice of rigid templates is available, such as silicon, anodic aluminum oxide, carbon, silica spheres, biological structures, and so forth.
  • 786
  • 14 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Direct Ultrafast Laser Processing
Direct ultrafast laser processing is nowadays considered the most flexible technique allowing to generate complex 3D optical functions in bulk glasses. The fact that the built-in optical element is embedded in the material brings several advantages in terms of prototype stability and lifetime, but equally in terms of complexity and number of possible applications, due to the 3D design. The generated optical functions, and in particular the single mode character of the light guiding element alongside the accessibility toward different spectral windows, depend on the refractive index contrast that can be achieved within the material transparency window and on the characteristic dimensions of the optical modification. In particular, the accessibility to the infrared and mid-infrared spectral domains, and to the relevant applications in sensing and imaging, requires increasing the cross-section of the guiding element in order to obtain the desired normalized frequency. Moreover, efficient signal extraction from the transported light requires nanometer size void-like index structures. All this demands a thorough knowledge and an optimal control of the material response within the interaction with the ultrafast laser pulse.
  • 780
  • 25 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Ramchandra Pode
I am involved in the field of organic light emitting devices since 2002. I also worked as visiting Scientist at Korea Electronics Technology Institute, South Korea in 2003 and 2005 (Brain Pool, KOFST) on OLEDs devices. I am specialized in Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLEDs) devices and displays and acquired enough expertize to conduct the research project on OLEDs. During these years, I have published around 65 research articles in various SCI journals of repute. In addition, I have contributed chapters to two books on OLEDs.
  • 777
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Quantification of 5f Delocalization
By using M4,5 X-ray Emission Spectroscopy (XES) in the tender X-ray regime, it is possible to quantify 5f delocalization in the actinides. Previous analyses, utilizing the Branching Ratio (BR) in the N4,5 X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS), could not discriminate between the cases of localized n = 2 and delocalized n = 3, in uranium materials, where n is the number of 5f electrons on the U entity. Here, it is shown that, by employing the ubiquitous 6p→3d XES as a point of normalization, the localized n = 2 and delocalized n = 3 cases can be easily distinguished and quantified.
  • 760
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Control and Upgradation of Indoor Air Quality
Due to increasing health and environmental issues, indoor air quality (IAQ) has garnered much research attention with regard to incorporating advanced clean air technologies. Various physicochemical air treatments have been used to monitor, control, and manage air contaminants, such as monitoring devices (gas sensors and internet of things-based systems), filtration (mechanical and electrical), adsorption, UV disinfection, UV photocatalysts, a non-thermal plasma approach, air conditioning systems, and green technologies (green plants and algae).
  • 605
  • 24 Feb 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 6
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Feedback