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Topic Review
Fracture Conductivity Damage on Post Hydrofrac Well Productivity
Hydraulic fracturing or hydro-frac fluids can impede well production due to the damage caused to the reservoir formation and fracture face, generated from adverse interactions with reservoir rock. Understanding the mechanisms of hydraulic fracturing, optimum treatment designs, and pumping/pressure profiles is critical for hydro-frac success.
  • 675
  • 28 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Friction Challenge in Hydraulic Fracturing
Hydraulic fracturing has become one of the most popular techniques for exploring sustainable energy sources. However, friction is associated with the entire fracturing process, presenting significant challenges for development. 
  • 669
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Polymer Biodegradation for Oilfield Applications
Polymers including guar gum and related compounds, cellulose-based gels, and acrylamide-based polymers (PAM and HPAM) are used in the petroleum industry mainly for increasing viscosity and reducing friction in the reservoirs during water flooding and hydraulic fracturing.
  • 588
  • 24 May 2022
Topic Review
Data-Driven Modeling in Drilling in Well Operations
Swab and surge pressure fluctuations are decisive during drilling for oil. The axial movement of the pipe in the wellbore causes pressure fluctuations in wellbore fluid; these pressure fluctuations can be either positive or negative, corresponding to the direction of the movement of the pipe. For example, if the drill string is lowering down in the borehole, the drop is positive (surge pressure), and if the drill string is pulling out of the hole, the drop is negative (swab pressure). The intensity of these pressure fluctuations depends on the speed of the lowering down (tripping in) or withdrawing the pipe out (tripping out). High tripping speed corresponds to higher pressure fluctuations and can lead to fracturing the well formation. Low tripping speed leads to a slow operation, causing non-productive time, thus increasing the overall well budget. 
  • 559
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Methods for Chemico-Physical Characterization of Refineries Solid Wastes
In the delayed coker the residues of the vacuum distillation units are cracked into lighter hydrocarbons, producing coker gas oil, but also a solid carbonaceous byproduct which is called “pet-coke”. This is a highly viscous, black, sticky material, it remains liquid as long as it is transported hot, but solidifies otherwise. Its insoluble fraction in n-heptane is called asphaltene, which thus represents the heaviest fraction of crude oil.  The detailed and complete analysis of heavy petroleum fractions requires the use of many different analytical tools because of their chemical complexity and low volatility. However, the molecular weight (MW), the aromaticity and, in general, the chemical functionalities, are the key properties to determine for guiding their processing technology development. In particular, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and mass spectrometry (MS) are the most eligible techniques for MW determination, while Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy can provide information on aromaticity and chemical functionalities, respectively.
  • 505
  • 09 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Technological and Legislative Impacts on Automotive Sector Development
Land transport activities play an essential role within our society. At the same time, these activities generate directly huge amounts of pollutants due to vehicle operation, and indirectly, more pollution due to vehicle production and recycling as well as a significant consumption of energetic resources and raw materials. Looking back into the cars history, one can notice how their technological development was correlated with the socio-economic, environmental, and health context, and has paved the way for new policies and strategies for exploiting the available energy sources and materials with respect to the current automotive regulations.
  • 450
  • 22 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Probabilistic Decline Curve Analysis Approaches
The decline curve analysis (DCA) technique is the simplest, fastest, least computationally demanding, and least data-required reservoir forecasting method. Assuming that the decline rate of the initial production data will continue in the future, the estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) can be determined at the end of the well/reservoir lifetime based on the declining mode. Many empirical DCA models have been developed to match different types of reservoirs as the decline rate varies from one well/reservoir to another. In addition to the uncertainties related to each DCA model’s performance, structure, and reliability, any of them can be used to estimate one deterministic value of the EUR, which, therefore, might be misleading with a bias of over- and/or under-estimation. To reduce the uncertainties related to the DCA, the EUR could be assumed to be within a certain range, with different levels of confidence. Probabilistic decline curve analysis (pDCA) is the method used to generate these confidence intervals (CIs), and many pDCA approaches have been introduced to reduce the uncertainties that come with the deterministic DCA.
  • 419
  • 12 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Date-Leaf Carbon Particles for Green Enhanced Oil Recovery
Carbon nanomaterials such as graphene, carbon nanotube (CNT), and carbon dots have gained interest for their superior ability to increase oil recovery. These particles have been successfully tested in enhanced oil recovery (EOR), although they are expensive and do not extend to green enhanced oil recovery (GEOR).
  • 415
  • 21 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Industry Guidance on Pipeline Integrity Management
For operators of oil and gas to save the cost of unforeseen events and risks, and to avoid unnecessary shutdowns, there is a need to have an effective subsea pipeline integrity management system. Currently a large number of subsea pipelines around the globe have already exceeded their design lives; nevertheless, they are still being operated safely, effectively and with diligent consideration towards Environmental, Health and Safety regulations, as well as international standards and best practices. In addition, many older flowlines have no permanent pigging facilities due to various design and operational limitations. For the unpiggable pipeline, the vast majority of the oil and gas operators use different inspection and monitoring techniques to provide essential integrity management data such as product chemistry, cathodic protection, electrical resistance probes and coupons, etc. However, translating such essential integrity management data into meaningful information to make crucial integrity-based decisions can be challenging.
  • 364
  • 10 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Mineral Components on Heavy and Shale Oil Transformation
The mineral components of the reservoir system have a significant impact on the formation of hydrocarbon deposits. The composition of minerals changes with the migration of hydrocarbons during the further formation and destruction of the deposit.
  • 360
  • 14 Sep 2022
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