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Topic Review
Design Considerations of Fixed and Floating Offshore Structures
Offshore structures exist in a variety of forms, and they are used for a variety of functions in varied sea depths. These structures are tailored for certain environments and sea depths and other design considerations. 
  • 5.0K
  • 29 Jul 2022
Topic Review
3D Geological Property Modeling Methods
Three-dimensional (3D) geological property modeling is used to quantitatively characterize various geological attributes in 3D space based on geostatistics with the help of computer visualization technology, and the results are often stored in grid data. The 3D geological property modeling includes two main components, grid model generation and property interpolation.
  • 1.4K
  • 15 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Methods for Chemico-Physical Characterization of Refineries Solid Wastes
In the delayed coker the residues of the vacuum distillation units are cracked into lighter hydrocarbons, producing coker gas oil, but also a solid carbonaceous byproduct which is called “pet-coke”. This is a highly viscous, black, sticky material, it remains liquid as long as it is transported hot, but solidifies otherwise. Its insoluble fraction in n-heptane is called asphaltene, which thus represents the heaviest fraction of crude oil.  The detailed and complete analysis of heavy petroleum fractions requires the use of many different analytical tools because of their chemical complexity and low volatility. However, the molecular weight (MW), the aromaticity and, in general, the chemical functionalities, are the key properties to determine for guiding their processing technology development. In particular, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and mass spectrometry (MS) are the most eligible techniques for MW determination, while Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy can provide information on aromaticity and chemical functionalities, respectively.
  • 569
  • 09 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Polymer Biodegradation for Oilfield Applications
Polymers including guar gum and related compounds, cellulose-based gels, and acrylamide-based polymers (PAM and HPAM) are used in the petroleum industry mainly for increasing viscosity and reducing friction in the reservoirs during water flooding and hydraulic fracturing.
  • 627
  • 24 May 2022
Topic Review
Drilling Fluid Loss and Lost Circulation Control Technology
Lost circulation in fractured formation is the first major technical problem that restricts improvements in the quality and efficiency of oil and gas drilling engineering. Improving the success rate of one-time lost circulation control is an urgent demand to ensure “safe, efficient and economic” drilling in oilfields all over the world. 
  • 869
  • 13 May 2022
Topic Review
Logistic Handling of Deliveries at an LNG Terminal
LNG is a gas mixture of hydrocarbons in the following proportions: methane 87–99 mol%, ethane 0.1–5.5 mol%, propane 0–4 mol%, butane 0–2.5 mol%, nitrogen 0.02–1 mol%, and traces of sulfur (less than four ppmv) and CO2 (50 ppmv). There has been growing interest in fuel supply chains regarding transport safety and LNG reloading. This is due to the increasing consumption of this gas in the economy to create sustainable transport systems. Poland is in the phase of energy transformation, which increases the demand for this type of alternative fuel. For this reason, the number of logistic operations carried out by Polish sea terminals handling LNG deliveries is increasing.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 May 2022
Topic Review
Data-Driven Modeling in Drilling in Well Operations
Swab and surge pressure fluctuations are decisive during drilling for oil. The axial movement of the pipe in the wellbore causes pressure fluctuations in wellbore fluid; these pressure fluctuations can be either positive or negative, corresponding to the direction of the movement of the pipe. For example, if the drill string is lowering down in the borehole, the drop is positive (surge pressure), and if the drill string is pulling out of the hole, the drop is negative (swab pressure). The intensity of these pressure fluctuations depends on the speed of the lowering down (tripping in) or withdrawing the pipe out (tripping out). High tripping speed corresponds to higher pressure fluctuations and can lead to fracturing the well formation. Low tripping speed leads to a slow operation, causing non-productive time, thus increasing the overall well budget. 
  • 607
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Date-Leaf Carbon Particles for Green Enhanced Oil Recovery
Carbon nanomaterials such as graphene, carbon nanotube (CNT), and carbon dots have gained interest for their superior ability to increase oil recovery. These particles have been successfully tested in enhanced oil recovery (EOR), although they are expensive and do not extend to green enhanced oil recovery (GEOR).
  • 452
  • 21 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Bonded Marine Hoses for Floating Offshore Structures (FOS)
By characterisation, a marine hose is a unique type of flexible riser used in fluid transfer. By definition, a marine hose is simply a fluid transfer conduit utilised in transferring, discharging, loading, and transporting fluids from an oil well to the platform of a floating platform or a floating structure. The fluid transfer system for bonded marine hoses is dependent on floating offshore structures (FOS). Single Point Mooring (SPM) systems are component aspects of the techno-economic design and FOS operation.
  • 4.7K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Regeneration Intensification Technologies
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is the workhorse of modern crude oil refinery. Its regenerator component plays a critical role in optimizing the overall profitability by efficiently restoring the catalyst activity and enhancing the heat balance in the riser reactor. Improvement in the device metallurgy and process operations have enabled industrial regenerators to operate at high temperatures with a better coke burning rate and longer operating cycle. Today, the carbon content of regenerated catalyst has drastically reduced to less than 0.1 wt.%.
  • 5.7K
  • 15 Mar 2022
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