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Topic Review
Membrane Bioreactor for Removal of Dyes
Access to clean water is crucial for human health and the advancement of society. However, the decline in water quality has become a serious global issue due to human activities. The United Nations introduced 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with the aim of creating a sustainable future for all humankind. One of the most significant of these goals is “Clean Water and Sanitation for All”. However, the discharge of various contaminants into aquatic environments impedes progress towards achieving SDG6. Among industrial effluents, the textile and dye industries are considered to be major contributors to wastewater production. Dyestuffs, which are synthetic, complex aromatic compounds, and ionizing agents, are widely used as coloring agents in industries such as paper, textiles, food, dyeing, and cooking. Following the dyeing process, approximately 15% of the used dyes remain in the wastewater stream, making the colored wastewater effluent a major concern. Conventional wastewater treatment plants have difficulty in removing such chemicals, resulting in over 200,000 tons of dyes being discharged each year in the environment. The release of dyes results in water pollution with resistant compounds that are not easily broken down by natural degradation processes. Several methods have been established for treating dyes from water bodies, including physicochemical and biological approaches. Physicochemical methods, such as membrane filtration, adsorption, ion exchange, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), and coagulation, have limitations in the removal of dyes due to high cost, inefficiency, and the potential for secondary pollution. In contrast, biological treatment methods, such as membrane bioreactors (MBRs), are cost-effective, safe, environmentally friendly, and efficient for removing dyes. Among the various biological treatment methods, MBRs are regarded as one of the most effective methods for treating wastewater. MBRs are a combination of units for biological degradation and physical filtration
  • 429
  • 21 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Bottom Ash Waste Management in Building Industry
MSWIBA development fits into the European Green Deal, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the Circular Economy (CE). The combustion of MSW in incineration plants generates more than 30% of secondary waste concerning the inlet stream. The main residue is MSW incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA), which accounts for ca. 90% of MSW incineration solid residues.
  • 423
  • 01 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Water–Energy–Food Nexus for Agro-Industrial Companies
The water–energy–food (WEF) nexus approach is gaining attention due to the challenge of better managing natural elements. Agro-industrial companies, given their environmental impacts, need to take sustainability into proper account. One important sustainability management concept used nowadays is the so-called water–energy–food (WEF) nexus. It means that the aforementioned elements are intrinsically managed together, and one action in one direction can affect both of the others. As a result, these three issues should be considered in an integrated manner because they are connected, and their utilization may expose important tradeoffs.
  • 417
  • 26 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Bioplastics Biodegradation
Bioplastics have entered everyday life as a potential sustainable substitute for commodity plastics. The wide array of biopolymers and commercial blends available make predicting the biodegradation degree and kinetics quite a complex issue that requires specific knowledge of the multiple factors affecting the degradation process. Understanding the material-related and environment-related aspects that determine the actual biodegradation of bioplastics is necessary to harmonize their treatment with biowaste using the typical processing conditions of waste treatment plants.
  • 417
  • 24 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Operationalizing SLR Resilience with Leading Indicators
Over the last century, eustatic sea-level rise (SLR) has increased more rapidly than it has at any time over the past three millennia. This rapid change, compounded by additional changes in relative vertical elevation at specific locations due to subsidence and isostatic effects, poses a significant threat to coastal communities. The potential impacts to communities include coastal and inland flooding, salt-water intrusion, and coastal erosion. These risks, which are expected to be exacerbated by continuing and accelerating rates of SLR in the future, have precipitated a need to design and implement adaptation measures to curtail future losses and make communities more resilient
  • 417
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Pipes in Drinking Water Distribution System
The inner walls of the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) are expected to be clean to ensure a safe quality of drinking water. Complex physical, chemical, and biological processes take place when water comes into contact with the pipe surface. 
  • 417
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Define–Investigate–Estimate–Map (DIEM) Framework for Modeling Habitat Threats
The DIEM framework illustrates a method of defining threats on the basis of the derived definition, investigating an area using available spatial data, estimating threat severity using the principles used in existing equations, and mapping threats using spatial analysis methods.
  • 416
  • 20 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Properties of Recycled Steel Fibers-Incorporated Concrete
Accumulating vast amounts of pollutants drives modern civilization toward sustainable development. Construction waste is one of the prominent issues impeding progress toward net zero. Pollutants must be utilized in constructing civil engineering structures for a green ecosystem. Large-scale production of industrial steel fibers (ISFs) causes significant damage to the goal of a sustainable environment. Recycled steel fibers (RSFs) from waste tires have been suggested to replace ISFs. Using RSFs can help reduce pollution due to ISFs production; on the other hand, it can improve the performance of the concrete at a low cost. 
  • 412
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Government’s Role in Collaborative Innovation of Construction Enterprises
Suppliers’ participation in green project collaborative innovation has been widely recognized by construction enterprises. However, there are still many problems in the collaborative innovation system, such as a lack of collaborative innovation motivation, imperfect collaborative innovation infrastructure, and opportunistic behavior of suppliers. The role of the government in the collaborative innovation system of green building projects of construction enterprises is to promote innovation or formulate government regulations.
  • 409
  • 23 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Effects of Temperature/Water Types on Coronavirus Decay
The analysis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) gene copy numbers in wastewater samples can provide quantitative information on Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) cases within a sewer catchment. However, many wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) studies have neglected virus decay during the wastewater transportation process in sewers while back-calculating COVID-19 prevalence. Among various sewer condition parameters, wastewater temperature and dilution by fresh/saltwater infiltration may result in a significant change to the virus decay, in terms of both infectivity and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA). 
  • 409
  • 22 Mar 2023
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