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Topic Review
Structural Health Monitoring of Solid Rocket Motors
In the realm of space exploration, solid rocket motors (SRMs) play a pivotal role due to their reliability and high thrust-to-weight ratio. Serving as boosters in space launch vehicles and employed in military systems, and other critical & emerging applications, SRMs’ structural integrity monitoring, is of paramount importance. Traditional maintenance approaches often prove inefficient, leading to either unnecessary interventions or unexpected failures. Condition-based maintenance (CBM) emerges as a transformative strategy, incorporating advanced sensing technologies and predictive analytics. By continuously monitoring crucial parameters such as temperature, pressure, and strain, CBM enables real-time analysis, ensuring timely intervention upon detecting anomalies, thereby optimizing SRM lifecycle management. Particularly, photonic sensors and fiber-optic sensors, demonstrate exceptional promise in CBM goals. Their enhanced sensitivity and broad measurement range allow for capturing subtle changes indicative of degradation or potential failures. These sensors enable comprehensive, non-intrusive monitoring of multiple SRM locations simultaneously. Integrated with data analytics, these sensors empower predictive analysis, facilitating SRM behavior prediction and optimal maintenance planning. Ultimately, CBM, bolstered by advanced photonic sensors, promises enhanced operational availability, reduced costs, improved safety, and efficient resource allocation in SRM applications.
  • 57
  • 13 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Satellite Constellations in Internet of Things
Artificial satellites serve various functions, such as communications, Earth observation, navigation, and global positioning. A satellite constellation is a group of satellites working together under centralized control to achieve a common objective. Positioned in complementary orbital planes and connected to global ground stations, these constellations aim to provide interconnected network capabilities for IoT communications. IoT communication satellites must effectively manage data frame repetitions, involving the capability to receive, process, and retransmit data from IoT devices operating in conditions of deficient coverage. IoT satellites prioritize compact form factors, simplicity, and scalability, aiming to support low-data-rate applications efficiently.
  • 69
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Distributed Propulsion for Next-Generation Aircraft
Developments in the design of transport aircraft are increasingly focusing on the search for innovative solutions to improve general performance and reduce the environmental impact of flight operations. In this context, specific attention is being devoted to research into non-conventional solutions for the integration of the propulsion system, involving two different interconnected technological threads. From a general point of view, new types of propulsion systems are under investigation, and technologies involving new fuels, such as hydrogen or sustainable aviation fuels, or electric and hybrid-electric powertrains, are under development to provide breakthrough forward advancements in the field. In addition to these important innovations, and in a way that is generally complementary, non-conventional powertrain/airframe integrations are increasingly being investigated since, either as standalone or in combination with previous new power supply concepts, they can contribute to general improvements in aircraft performance, with significant implications for reducing environmental impact. Among the advanced technologies under investigation, it is worth mentioning distributed propulsion, which is gaining much interest, especially in the context of synergistic integration with electric powertrains.
  • 108
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Implementing and Testing a U-Space System
One of the main goals of the Labyrinth project was to develop and test the path planning algorithms that supported the conflict resolution services of a U-space-based Unmanned Traffic Management (UTM) system. To test these services in real scenarios, a UTM prototype was developed. The U-space concept of operations (ConOps) provides a high-level description of the architecture, requirements and functionalities of these systems, but the implementer has a certain degree of freedom in aspects like the techniques used or some policies and procedures.
  • 82
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Wireless Communications and Power Transfer on Intra-Vehicular Applications
In the world of space systems and launchers in particular, there is always a strong demand for the reduction of the weight of all components/subsystems that are not related to the payload and simplification of the integration phase. A possible solution to both these problems is the replacement of cables and connectors with wireless systems for communication and power supply. 
  • 96
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Passenger Boarding Strategies
Boarding time constitutes a critical element of turnaround time, which is used to measure the efficiency of airline operations. Therefore, to reduce boarding time, it is imperative to reconsider traditional passenger boarding strategies to make them more efficient. Different techniques have been used to address the problem, including the following: (1) simulation, (2) analytical methods, and (3) experiments in the aircraft.
  • 99
  • 11 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Modeling Hydraulically Powered Flight Control Actuation System
Many different types of aircraft designs have flight control systems (FCS) powered by hydraulic systems. With respect to the torques, moments, surface areas, and opposing forces to be acted upon, components introduce faults into the hydraulic system when these components are aging or degrading. The diagnostics of a hydraulically powered flight control actuation system (HPFCAS) rely on the faults produced within the subsystem components as well as the entire system’s mechanism itself.
  • 65
  • 09 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Lightning Strike Damage Assessments of Composites
Lightning strike events pose significant challenges to the structural integrity and performance of composite materials, particularly in aerospace, wind turbine blade, and infrastructure applications. 
  • 86
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Hybrid Transformer for Automatic Drone Identification
With the growing integration of drones into various civilian applications, the demand for effective automatic drone identification (ADI) technology has become essential to monitor malicious drone flights and mitigate potential threats.
  • 93
  • 01 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Wingtip Vortices: An Extensive Review
Wingtip vortices generated from aircraft wingtips, as a result of the pressure differential at the wingtip, constitute a major component of the total drag force, especially during take-off and landing. In addition to the drag issue, these vortices also pose a significant hazard to smaller aircraft flying in the wake of the larger airplane. The wingtip vortices play a crucial role in aerodynamic efficiency, fuel consumption, flight range, and aircraft stability. 
  • 82
  • 25 Jan 2024
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