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Topic Review
Fabrication Approaches of Abrasion–Corrosion-Resistant High-Chromium White Cast Irons
There is a huge demand for high-performance materials in extreme environments involving wear and corrosion. High chromium white cast irons (HCWCIs) display better performance than many materials since they are of sufficient hardness for wear protection and can be tailored in chemical compositions to improve corrosion resistance; however, their performance is often still inadequate.
  • 160
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Extraction of Metals from Copper Tailings through Leaching
A copper tailing is a residue, product of the flotation of sulfide minerals, which contain a variety of elements that can be valorized. The extraction of metals from copper tailings consist of applying metallurgical techniques, such as acid leaching or magnetic concentration, to obtain a valuable product. Currently, this is an important objective, given that mining operations have increased the generation of tailings. Acid leaching is a process that consists of dissolving a solid material, such as a tailing, by applying an acid solution. This process forms two final products: an insoluble solid, rich in aluminosilicates, and an acid liquid solution with different metal ions. Both products may have different characteristics and can be used for subsequent applications.
  • 1.8K
  • 05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Erosive Wear of Cermets
Solid-particle erosion occurs when discrete solid particles strike a surface. It differs from three-body abrasion primarily in the origin of forces between the particles and the wearing surface. In erosion, the extent of wear depends on the number and mass of individual particles striking the surface and on their impact velocity [8]. The difference of erosion from the abrasive wear lies in its fluid contribution to the mechanical action producing material removal. Solid-particle erosion is common in any system in which a gas stream carries abrasive particles. If loose abrasive particles are carried by a liquid, the wear is termed as slurry erosion.  WC-based hardmetals (cemented carbides) are employed widely as wear-resistant ceramic-metal composites for tools and wear parts. Raw materials supply, environmental concerns and some limitations of hardmetals have directed efforts toward development of alternative wear-resistant composites-cermets. Cermets consist primarily of ceramic particles such as titanium carbonitride (Ti(C,N)), titanium carbide (TiC), and chromium carbide (Cr3C2) bonded with alloys of Ni, Co or Fe. Cermets as resistant to solid particle erosion materials demonstrate their potential primarily in environmentally severe wear conditions – at elevated temperatures and corrosive environments.
  • 494
  • 10 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Electrodeposition of Common Metals
The electrodeposition process of metals and their alloys is widely used in the automotive, space, electronics, computing, jewelry, and other consumer items industries.
  • 1.6K
  • 15 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Electrically Conductive and Thermally Conductive Lubricants
Electrically as well as thermally conductive lubricants have drawn considerable attention and are an emerging research topic because they have unique advantages and advanced lubrication performance over traditional lubricants such as corrosion protection and efficient heat dissipation. For instance, some components of electric vehicles (EVs) such as bearings, seals, pads and gears require conductive lubricants to avoid premature failure and electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems due to induced shaft voltages and currents.
  • 340
  • 18 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Effect of Sn Grain Orientation on Electromigration
Sn-rich solder joints in three-dimensional integrated circuits and their reliability issues, such as electromigration (EM), thermomigration (TM), and thermomechanical fatigue (TMF), have drawn attention related to their use in electronic packaging.  The Sn grain orientation is recognized as playing an important role in reliability issues due to its anisotropic diffusivity, mechanical properties, and coefficient of thermal expansion.
  • 369
  • 29 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Effect of Alloying Elements on Implants Properties Magnesium
Magnesium has been found to have special osteoconductive properties, which is much appreciated when used as bone implants. It has been reported that Mg, as a cofactor of the alkaline phosphatase isozymes, helps in the healing and remodeling of the bone tissue. Magnesium-based stents are also useful where biodegradable nasal stents could help avoid treatment failure that occurs due to the secondary operations that are required of traditional implants. The potential application of biodegradable magnesium alloys is not limited to its use as temporary implants.
  • 544
  • 28 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Effect of Accelerating Methods on Gas Nitriding
Gas nitriding, as a surface modification technology to improve the wear resistance of workpiece surfaces, is widely used in wind turbine gears, pressure vessel gears, high-precision die casting abrasives, and other areas. However, the gas nitriding time is too long, reaching 40–60 h, which reduces the efficiency of nitriding and hinders the development of gas nitriding. Therefore, various accelerating methods are born accordingly. There are five common accelerating methods are summarized: process parameter optimization, surface mechanical nano-crystallization, surface-active catalysis, surface pre-oxidation, and surface laser treatment. 
  • 549
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Direct Laser Deposition of Inconel 625
The direct laser deposition (DLD) process has seen rigorous research in the past two decades due to its ability to directly manufacture products followed by minimal machining. The process input variables play a vital role in determining the properties achieved in the products manufactured by the DLD method. Inconel 625, a nickel-based superalloy with exceptional mechanical performance and corrosion resistance, has been used in critical applications within the aerospace, process, and marine industry.
  • 322
  • 11 May 2023
Topic Review
Development of Bottom-Blowing Copper Smelting Technology
Bottom-blowing copper smelting technology was initiated and developed in China in the 1990s. Injection of oxygen-enriched high-pressure gas strongly stirs the molten bath consisting of matte and slag. Rapid reaction at relatively lower temperatures and good adaptability of the feed materials are the main advantages of this technology. Development and optimisation of bottom-blowing copper smelting technology were supported by extensive studies on the thermodynamics of the slag and the fluid dynamic of the molten bath.
  • 2.7K
  • 26 Jan 2022
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