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Topic Review
Arsenic Removal Technologies
Arsenic contamination of ground and drinking water is an outcome of both natural and man-made activities including farming activities, urbanization, industrialization, mining, volcanic ash/ eruption, weathering processes, and agricultural pesticides. The majority of people are exposed to arsenic through food and drinking water. Long-term arsenic poisoning occurs because of eating food grown in arsenic-rich groundwater; this water has been revealed to be used in the cultivation of agricultural products, vegetables, and rice that are used for human consumption. Different treatment technologies are used to combat polluted water. These technologies include electrocoagulation, magnetic biochar, oxidation, ion exchange, membrane filtration, coagulation and electrocoagulation, lime softening, capacitive deionization (CDI), adsorption, stabilization/encapsulation, phytoremediation, and bioremediation
  • 350
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence Enabled Chemical Process Intensification
An overview of the application of AI techniques is provided, in particular machine learning, in chemical design, synthesis, and process optimization over the past years. The application of AI for structure-function relationship analysis, synthetic route planning, and automated synthesis is highly highlighted. 
  • 561
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Artificial Olfactory Images
The artificial olfactory image was proposed by Lundström et al. in 1991 as a new strategy for an electronic nose system which generated a two-dimensional mapping to be interpreted as a fingerprint of the detected gas species.
  • 95
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.)
Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.), which belongs to the Malvaceae family, is an indigenous African tree widespread in arid savannah regions of Madagascar, mainland Africa, the Arabian peninsula, and Australia, and it was once classified as the “lost crop” of Africa. 
  • 755
  • 18 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Biochar Materials
Biochar (BC) based materials are solid carbon enriched materials produced via different thermochemical techniques such as pyrolysis.
  • 270
  • 23 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Biochar-Based Materials for Wastewater Treatment
Biochar is an important, interesting, low-cost material with various agricultural, industrial, and scientific applications. Biochar is a name given to vegetable-derived charcoal, which can be used as an agent to improve soil and water quality. This carbon-rich substance can be produced by the carbonization of biomass residues (e.g., wood, dung, manure, or leaves) in thermal conversion processes, such as pyrolysis, torrefaction, and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). Among them, pyrolysis is the most common process to obtain biochar under anaerobic conditions and high temperatures. In addition, heat, syngas, liquid fuels, and pyroligneous acid (wood vinegar) are also generated during this process.
  • 125
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Biodegradable Materials and Polymer Composites with Natural Fillers
Biodegradable materials are natural materials and their properties are relatively inferior to those of non-biodegradable materials. Biofibre reinforcement or blending with other biodegradable products has proven to be an effective way to reduce the cost and brittleness of some commonly used polymers to produce a fully biodegradable composite. PLA and ABS polymers are standard materials used as base materials in composites due to their low cost, easy availability and good mechanical properties. Inorganic or organic materials such as glass, carbon fibres, silicon, ceramics or metals have been used in research to date. 
  • 412
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Biodiesel Production from Animal Fats Versus Vegetable Oils
Biodiesel, a mixture of fatty acids alkyl esters shows properties, which make it a feasible substitute for fossil diesel. Biodiesel can be produced using different processes and different raw materials. The most common, first generation, biodiesel is produced by methanolysis of vegetable oils using basic or acid homogeneous catalysts. The use of vegetable oils for biodiesel production raises serious questions about biodiesel sustainability. Used cooking oils and animal fats can replace the vegetable oils in biodiesel production thus allowing to produce a more sustainable biofuel. 
  • 283
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Biojet Fuel Technologies
Biojet fuels have been gaining traction in the aviation industry as a more sustainable alternative to traditional jet fuel for over a decade now. According to a report by the International Air Transport Association (IATA), in 2022, the production capacity of SAFs including biojet fuels, surpassed 300 million litres (79.2 million gallons) globally.
  • 220
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Bioleaching
In bioleaching, the function of the solvent is performed by microorganisms, by the action of either bacteria or fungi, as they participate in the biogeochemical cycle of minerals in direct ways by the metabolism of the microorganisms or indirectly by the products of their metabolism. Therefore, bioleaching is defined as the solubilization of metals from insoluble solid substrates.
  • 549
  • 18 Jul 2023
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