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Topic Review
Categories of Quantum Photoinitiators
The use of novel photoinitiators (PIs) for free-radical polymerization has attracted significant attention from the scientific community. Quantum PIs, quantum-confined nanoscale crystals with semiconductor properties, have received interest for use in photopolymerization, due to their precisely tunable properties as a function of structural and surface engineering.
  • 451
  • 20 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Cellulose
Cellulose is the main substance of a plant’s cell walls, helping plants to remain stiff and upright, hence, it can be extracted from plant sources, agriculture waste, animals, and bacterial pellicle. It is composed of polymer chains consisting of unbranched β (1,4) linked D glucopyranosyl units (anhydroglucose unit, AGU).
  • 6.9K
  • 07 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC) Gels: A Review
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are emerging nanomaterials derived from the most abundant renewable polymer on earth, being widely distributed in plants, bacteria, algae, etc., which can be extracted from these cellulosic sources through mechanical disintegration, controlled sulfuric acid hydrolysis and mixed acid hydrolysis.
  • 335
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Cellulose-Based Hydrogels
Hydrogels, three-dimensional (3D) polymer networks, present unique properties, like biocompatibility, biodegradability, tunable mechanical properties, sensitivity to various stimuli, the capacity to encapsulate different therapeutic agents, and the ability of controlled release of the drugs.
  • 990
  • 28 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Cellulose-Based Metallogels
Metallogels are a category of materials formed by combining polymer gels with metal ions, creating coordination bonds with the functional groups of the gel. The incorporation of metal phases into hydrogels offers diverse possibilities for functionalization. Cellulose stands out as a preferred choice for producing hydrogels from various standpoints, including economic, ecological, physical, chemical, and biological aspects. It possesses advantages such as cost-effectiveness, renewability, versatility, non-toxicity, remarkable mechanical and thermal stability, a porous structure, a significant number of reactive OH groups, and excellent biocompatibility.
  • 274
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Cellulose-Based Polymers in Additive Manufacturing
The materials for additive manufacturing (AM) technology have grown substantially over the last few years to fulfill industrial needs. Despite that, the use of bio-based composites for improved mechanical properties and biodegradation is still not fully explored. This limits the universal expansion of AM-fabricated products due to the incompatibility of the products made from petroleum-derived resources. The development of naturally-derived polymers for AM materials is promising with the increasing number of studies in recent years owing to their biodegradation and biocompatibility. Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer that possesses many favorable properties to be incorporated into AM materials, which have been continuously focused on in recent years. This critical review discusses the development of AM technologies and materials, cellulose-based polymers, cellulose-based three-dimensional (3D) printing filaments, liquid deposition modeling of cellulose, and four-dimensional (4D) printing of cellulose-based materials. Cellulose-based AM material applications and the limitations with future developments are also reviewed.
  • 1.8K
  • 02 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Cementitious Composites Containing Polyethylene Fibers
Polyethylene (PE) is an important polymeric material which is widely used in civil engineering. Recently, engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) have adopted PE fibers in structural repairing. ECC with polyethylene fibers (PE-ECC) has excellent tensile properties, ductility, strain-hardening behavior, thermal performance and durability.
  • 1.4K
  • 01 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Ceramic-Polymer Composite Membranes
Ceramics and polymers are two main candidate materials for membranes, where the majority has been made of polymeric materials, due to the low cost, easy processing, and tunability in pore configurations. In contrast, ceramic membranes have much better performance, extra-long service life, mechanical robustness, and high thermal and chemical stabilities, and they have also been applied in gas, petrochemical, food-beverage, and pharmaceutical industries, where most of polymeric membranes cannot perform properly. 
  • 1.5K
  • 22 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Characterization of Polymeric Coatings
The development of anti-corrosion polymeric coatings has grown exponentially in the fields of material science, chemistry, engineering, and nanotechnology and has prompted the evolution of efficient characterization techniques. Polymeric coatings represent a well-established protection system that provides a barrier between a metallic substrate and the environment. However, the increase in complexity and functionality of these coatings requires high-precision techniques capable of predicting failures and providing smart protection.
  • 453
  • 22 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Chemical Composition of Giant Miscanthus from Different Climatic Regions
Lignocellulosic biomass is of great interest as an alternative energy resource because it has a number of advantages. Miscanthus x gigantis is a lignocellulosic feedstock of particular interest because it combines high biomass productivity with low environmental impact, including control of CO 2 emissions. The chemical composition of lignocellulose determines the possibilities of its use for efficient industrial processing. Here we have collected specimens from a collection of Miscanthus x giganteus, which were grown in different climatic regions between 2019 and 2021. The chemical composition was quantified using traditional wet methods. The results were compared with each other and with known data. It has been shown that already from the first year of vegetation, miscanthus has the following chemical composition: cellulose content 43.2–55.5%, acid-insoluble lignin content 17.1–25.1%, pentosan 17.9–22.9%, ash content 0, 90–2.95%, and 0.3–1.2% extractives. Habitat and environment have been found to influence the chemical composition of miscanthus. It was found that the stem part of miscanthus is richer in fiber than the leaf part (48.4–54.9% versus 47.2–48.9%, respectively), regardless of the age of the plantation and habitat. The data obtained expand the geography of research into the chemical composition of miscanthus and confirm the high value of miscanthus for industrial processing into cellulose products around the world.
  • 316
  • 26 Oct 2023
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