Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Probe for Single-Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy
Probe choice in single-molecule microscopy requires deeper evaluations than those adopted for less sensitive fluorescence microscopy studies. Fluorophore characteristics can alter or hide subtle phenomena observable at the single-molecule level, wasting the potential of the sophisticated instrumentation and algorithms developed for this kind of advanced applications. The three typical groups of fluorophores are fluorescent proteins, organic dyes and quantum dots; here their advantages, drawbacks and use in single-molecule microscopy are discussed. Some requirements are common to all applications, such as high brightness and photostability, specific and efficient labeling, controlled stoichiometry, no perturbation on the system. Other requirements depend on the specific type of single-molecule technique; some of them are here described with their specific requirements for probe choice.
  • 804
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Two-Dimensional Materials in Nonlinear Optical Devices
All-optical signal processing based on nonlinear optical devices is promising for ultrafast information processing in optical communication systems. Recent advances in two-dimensional (2D) layered materials with unique structures and distinctive properties have opened up new avenues for nonlinear optics and the fabrication of related devices with high performance. 
  • 389
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Multi-Color Light-Emitting Diodes
Multi-color light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with various advantages of color tunability, self-luminescence, wide viewing angles, high color contrast, low power consumption, and flexibility provide a wide range of applications including full-color display, augmented reality/virtual reality technology, and wearable healthcare systems.
  • 758
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
All-d-Metal Heusler Alloys
A promising strategy, resulting in novel compounds with better mechanical properties and substantial magnetocaloric effects, is favoring the d–d hybridization with transition-metal elements to replace p–d hybridization. The term given to these materials is “all-d-metal”. 
  • 521
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Magnetoelectric Magnetic Field Sensors
One of the new materials that have attracted wide attention of researchers are magnetoelectric (ME) composites. Great interest in these materials is due to their properties associated with the transformation of electric polarization/magnetization under the influence of external magnetic/electric fields and the possibility of their use to create new devices. ME magnetic field sensors based on the widely used structures Terfenol—PZT/PMN-PT,Metglas—PZT/PMN-PT, and Metglas—Lithium niobate, among others, are considered as the first applications of the ME effect in technology. Estimates of the parameters of ME sensors are given, and comparative characteristics of magnetic field sensors are presented. Taking into account the high sensitivity of ME magnetic field sensors, comparable to superconducting quantum interferencedevices (SQUIDs), this entry discuss the areas of their application.
  • 494
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Treatment of Posthemorrhagic Ventricular Dilatation
Volpe IV is defined as intraventricular hemorrhage combined with venous infarction) and probably lead to posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD). Severe IVH and subsequent PHVD have become the leading causes of brain injury and neurodevelopmental dysplasia in preterm infants. Researchers reviewed the literature on the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for PHVD and provide some recommendations for management to improve the neurological outcomes.
  • 441
  • 03 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction-Related Disease
Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis develops as the first step of vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by complex molecular mechanisms. Vascular endothelial dysfunction leads to oxidative stress and inflammation of vessel walls, which in turn enhances vascular endothelial dysfunction. Vascular endothelial dysfunction and vascular wall oxidative stress and chronic inflammation make a vicious cycle that leads to the development of atherosclerosis.
  • 504
  • 03 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Si-Compatible Nanostructured Photodetectors
Latest advances in the field of nanostructured photodetectors are considered, stating the types and materials, and highlighting the features of operation. Special attention is paid to the group-IV material photodetectors, including Ge, Si, Sn, and their solid solutions. Among the various designs, photodetectors with quantum wells, quantum dots, and quantum wires are highlighted. Such nanostructures have a number of unique properties, that made them striking to scientists’ attention and device applications. Nanostructures with quantum wells (QW) and quantum dots (QD) are very widely used to create photodetectors in the visible and infrared ranges. At the same time, for various applications, various semiconductor material systems are used that most fully satisfy the specific requirements for device structures: III–V (GaAs, AlGaAs, etc.), II–VI (CdHgTe), IV–IV (GeSi, GeSn, GeSiSn), and others.
  • 564
  • 01 Feb 2023
Biography
Mirza
Mirza Bichurin is Professor and Head of the Department of Design and Technology of Radioelectronic Equipment, Yaroslav-the Wise Novgorod State University, Russia. He has authored 6 books and more than 160 articles in international refereed journals and holds credit for 20 patents. His most famous works: 1.“Magnetoelectricity in Composites.” Eds. M. I. Bichurin and D. Viehland, Pan Stanf
  • 493
  • 29 Jan 2023
Biography
Mounir Laroussi
File:Mounir Laroussi.tif Mounir Laroussi, is a Tunisian-American scientist. He is known for his work in plasma science, especially low temperature plasmas and their biomedical applications. Mounir Laroussi was born and raised in Sfax, Tunisia, the son of Habib Laroussi and Manana Jeloul. He is the middle child of three siblings. Laroussi attended the Alexander Dumas Elementary School and
  • 493
  • 23 Jan 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 130
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Video Production Service
Feedback