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Biography
Mikhail Mikhaylovich Rusinov
Mikhail Mikhaylovich Rusinov (Russian: Михаи́л Миха́йлович Руси́нов, 11 February 1909 – 29 September 2004) was an outstanding Russian scientist, specialising in optics. Mikhail Rusinov co-founded the USSR Science School of Computational Optics and discovered several optical phenomena, including aberration vignetting (1938), projection centre distortion (1957), and exi
  • 450
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Mie–Gruneisen Equation of State
The Mie–Grüneisen equation of state is a relation between the pressure and the volume of a solid at a given temperature. It is used to determine the pressure in a shock-compressed solid. The Mie–Grüneisen relation is a special form of the Grüneisen model which describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties. Several variations of the Mie–Grüneisen equation of state are in use. The Grüneisen model can be expressed in the form where V is the volume, p is the pressure, e is the internal energy, and Γ is the Grüneisen parameter which represents the thermal pressure from a set of vibrating atoms. If we assume that Γ is independent of p and e, we can integrate Grüneisen's model to get where p0 and e0 are the pressure and internal energy at a reference state usually assumed to be the state at which the temperature is 0K. In that case p0 and e0 are independent of temperature and the values of these quantities can be estimated from the Hugoniot equations. The Mie–Grüneisen equation of state is a special form of the above equation.
  • 1.6K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Mid-infrared Ultrashort Pulse
Mid-infrared (MIR) ultrashort laser pulses, with wavebands ranging from 2 to 20 µm, have a wide range of applications in the fields of environmental monitoring, laser medicine, food quality control, strong-field physics, attosecond science, and some other aspects. There are various technologies for MIR ultrashort pulse generation towards different wavebands.
  • 1.4K
  • 01 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Mid-Infrared Supercontinuum Generation in Fluoroindate Glass Fibers
Supercontinuum (SC) generation that leads to the emission of broadband radiation has been extensively studied. In particular, SC sources encompassing the wavelength range of 2–5 μm have attracted considerable interest in the last decade, and a continuous increase in the output power and spectrum width has been observed. To enable broadband and high-power SC generation, suitable nonlinear media combined with appropriate pump sources must be used, maintaining the output as spectrally flat. The emergence of specialty glass fibers, such as fluoroindate fibers, as well as the advances in fiber-based pulsed oscillators and amplifiers, have accelerated the development of high-power SC systems operating in the mid-infrared spectral band.
  • 732
  • 11 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Mid-Infrared Femtosecond Laser Based on Difference Frequency Generation
The mid-infrared (MIR) spectral region is known as the “molecular fingerprint region”, and almost every kind of gas molecule shows a unique and strong absorption characteristic within that region. The MIR ultrashort pulsed lasers can be widely used in gas detection, cancer diagnosis, pollutant monitoring, food quality control, and other aspects since they own much broader spectral ranges than ultrafast lasers in the visible and near-infrared region. There have been different techniques for the generation of ultrashort pulses in the MIR region of 2-5 µm. However, for the MIR ultrashort pulses generation at wavelengths longer than 5 µm or even 8 µm, difference frequency generation (DFG) is the primary technique.
  • 1.2K
  • 06 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Mid-Infrared External Cavity Quantum Cascade Lasers
External cavity quantum cascade lasers (ECQCLs) in the mid-infrared band have a series of unique spectral properties, which can be widely used in spectroscopy, gas detection, protein detection, medical diagnosis, free space optical communication, and so on, especially wide tuning range, the tuning range up to hundreds of wavenumbers; therefore, ECQCLs show great applications potential in many fields. 
  • 504
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Microstructured Optical Fibers in Ultrafast Optics
With the development of laser technology, microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) have become an important part of ultrafast optics, providing excellent platforms for ultrafast laser pulse generation, amplification, and compression, promoting the development of fiber laser systems to generate high power, high pulse energy, and few-cycle duration pulses.
  • 220
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Microscopium
Microscopium is a small and faint constellation located in the southern celestial hemisphere. It was first introduced by the French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille during the 18th century, who named it in honor of the microscope, reflecting the era's burgeoning interest in scientific instrumentation. Despite its modest visibility, it contains several notable celestial objects, including a few galaxies and a planetary nebula.
  • 474
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Micromegas Detectors for Physics
Micromegas (MICRO-MEsh GAseous Structure) detectors have found common use in different applications since their development in 1996 by the group of I. Giomataris and G. Charpak. 
  • 813
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
MicrOmega-IR
MicrOmega-IR is an infrared hyperspectral microscope that is part of the science payload on board the European Rosalind Franklin rover, tasked to search for biosignatures on Mars. The rover is planned to land on Mars in the mid- or late 2020s. MicrOmega-IR will analyse in situ the powder material derived from crushed samples collected by the rover's core drill.
  • 237
  • 30 Oct 2022
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