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Topic Review
Sea Urchin-like Si@MnO2@rGO
An unique structure which can effectively reduce the volume change of Si, extend the cycle life and increase the lithium-ion battery capacity.
  • 577
  • 24 Feb 2022
Topic Review
SDSS J1416+1348
Coordinates: 14h 16m 24.08s, +13° 48′ 26.7″ SDSS J1416+1348 (full designation is SDSS J141624.08+134826.7) is a nearby wide binary system of two brown dwarfs, located in constellation Boötes. The system consists of L-type component A and T-type component B.
  • 404
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
SDSS J001820.5-093939.2
SDSS J001820.5–093939.2 or SDSS J0018-0939 for short is a star system approximately 1000 light-years away near the constellation Cetus. SDSS J0018-0939 is a cool main-sequence star. It is the first star found proposed to be a massive second generation star.
  • 282
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Scorpius
Scorpius, known as "the Scorpion," is a striking constellation visible in the southern celestial hemisphere during the summer months. With its distinctive shape resembling a scorpion's curved tail, Scorpius is one of the most recognizable constellations in the night sky. 
  • 340
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
SCOP Formalism
The SCOP formalism or State Context Property formalism is an abstract mathematical formalism for describing states of a system that generalizes both quantum and classical descriptions. The formalism describes entities, which may exist in different states, which in turn have various properties. In addition there is a set of "contexts" (corresponding to measurements) by which an entity may be observed. The formalism has primarily found use outside of physics as a theory of concepts, in particular in the field of quantum cognition, which develops quantum-like models of cognitive phenomena (such as the conjunction fallacy) that may seem paradoxical or irrational when viewed from a perspective of classical states and logic.
  • 407
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
A scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) is a type of transmission electron microscope (TEM). Pronunciation is [stɛm] or [ɛsti:i:ɛm]. As with a conventional transmission electron microscope (CTEM), images are formed by electrons passing through a sufficiently thin specimen. However, unlike CTEM, in STEM the electron beam is focused to a fine spot (with the typical spot size 0.05 – 0.2 nm) which is then scanned over the sample in a raster illumination system constructed so that the sample is illuminated at each point with the beam parallel to the optical axis. The rastering of the beam across the sample makes STEM suitable for analytical techniques such as Z-contrast annular dark-field imaging, and spectroscopic mapping by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, or electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). These signals can be obtained simultaneously, allowing direct correlation of images and spectroscopic data. A typical STEM is a conventional transmission electron microscope equipped with additional scanning coils, detectors, and necessary circuitry, which allows it to switch between operating as a STEM, or a CTEM; however, dedicated STEMs are also manufactured. High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopes require exceptionally stable room environments. In order to obtain atomic resolution images in STEM, the level of vibration, temperature fluctuations, electromagnetic waves, and acoustic waves must be limited in the room housing the microscope.
  • 988
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Scanning Kelvin Probe
In microscopy, a scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) is a non-contact, non-destructive scanning probe microscopy (SPM) technique used to measure the work function of the sample under study. By raster scanning in the x,y plane the work function of the sample can be locally mapped for correlation with sample features. It is predominantly used to measure corrosion and coatings. It is closely related to the Kelvin probe force microscope (KPFM) technique.
  • 949
  • 30 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Scanless and Detectorless Imaging System
Optical feedback interferometry is a versatile and robust technology for both sensing and imaging applications, available at all wavelengths were a semiconductor laser exists, from 270 nm to 120 μm. It can be easily adapted to fiber integrated systems and promises to be compatible also to silicon photonics.
  • 814
  • 18 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Scale Relativity
Scale relativity is a geometrical and fractal space-time physical theory. Relativity theories (special relativity and general relativity) are based on the notion that position, orientation, movement and acceleration cannot be defined in an absolute way, but only relative to a system of reference. The scale relativity theory proposes to extend the concept of relativity to physical scales (time, length, energy, or momentum scales), by introducing an explicit "state of scale" in coordinate systems. This extension of the relativity principle using fractal geometries to study scale transformations was originally introduced by Laurent Nottale, based on the idea of a fractal space-time theory first introduced by Garnet Ord, and by Nottale and Jean Schneider. The construction of the theory is similar to previous relativity theories, with three different levels: Galilean, special and general. The development of a full general scale relativity is not finished yet.
  • 1.4K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Satellite System
A satellite system is a set of gravitationally bound objects in orbit around a planetary mass object (incl. sub-brown dwarfs and rogue planets) or minor planet, or its barycenter. Generally speaking, it is a set of natural satellites (moons), although such systems may also consist of bodies such as circumplanetary disks, ring systems, moonlets, minor-planet moons and artificial satellites any of which may themselves have satellite systems of their own (see Subsatellites). Some bodies also possess quasi-satellites that have orbits gravitationally influenced by their primary, but are generally not considered to be part of a satellite system. Satellite systems can have complex interactions including magnetic, tidal, atmospheric and orbital interactions such as orbital resonances and libration. Individually major satellite objects are designated in Roman numerals. Satellite systems are referred to either by the possessive adjectives of their primary (e.g. "Jovian system"), or less commonly by the name of their primary (e.g. "Jupiter system"). Where only one satellite is known, or it is a binary with a common centre of gravity, it may be referred to using the hyphenated names of the primary and major satellite (e.g. the "Earth-Moon system"). Many Solar System objects are known to possess satellite systems, though their origin is still unclear. Notable examples include the largest satellite system, the Jovian system, with 80 known moons (including the large Galilean moons) and the Saturnian System with 83 known moons (and the most visible ring system in the Solar System). Both satellite systems are large and diverse. In fact all of the giant planets of the Solar System possess large satellite systems as well as planetary rings, and it is inferred that this is a general pattern. Several objects farther from the Sun also have satellite systems consisting of multiple moons, including the complex Plutonian system where multiple objects orbit a common center of mass, as well as many asteroids and plutinos. Apart from the Earth-Moon system and Mars' system of two tiny natural satellites, the other terrestrial planets are generally not considered satellite systems, although some have been orbited by artificial satellites originating from Earth. Little is known of satellite systems beyond the Solar System, although it is inferred that natural satellites are common. J1407b is an example of an extrasolar satellite system. It is also theorised that Rogue planets ejected from their planetary system could retain a system of satellites.
  • 658
  • 25 Oct 2022
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