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Topic Review
TiO2: Next Generation Photocatalysts
TiO2 is the most widely used photocatalyst in many energy and environmental applications. This entry describes the basic structure and properties of TiO2 as a nanomaterials. It also enlists the special properties of TiO2 which make it a best candidate for photocatalysis reaction. It also explains the drawbacks of TiO2 nanomaterials along with the strategies to overcome those. 
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Mar 2021
Topic Review
TiAl–Si Alloys
The experimental generation of TiAl–Si alloys is composed of titanium aluminide (TiAl, Ti3Al or TiAl3) matrix reinforced by hard and heat-resistant titanium silicides (especially Ti5Si3). The alloys are characterized by wear resistance comparable with tool steels, high hardness, and very good resistance to oxidation at high temperatures (up to 1000 °C), but also low room-temperature ductility, as is typical also for other intermetallic materials.
  • 853
  • 01 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Three-Dimensional Printing Techniques Applied to DDS Area
Three-dimensional printing (3DP) technologies are characterized as a set of innovative manufacturing techniques that allow for the creation of complex and/or personalized three-dimensional physical objects on the work surface of a 3D printing machine (based on the computer-aided design (CAD) project designs of these parts). Three-dimensional printing techniques are widely used in various areas of knowledge, such as education, engineering, and biomedicine.
  • 60
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Thermosets with Flame Retardants
Epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins are the most used thermosetting polymers.They are commonly used in electronics, construction, marine, automotive and aircraft industries.Moreover, reinforcing both epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins with carbon or glass fibre in a fabric form has enabled them to be used in high-performance applications. However, their organic nature as any other polymeric materials made them highly lammable materials. Enhancing the flame retardancy performance of thermosetting polymers and their composites can be improved by the addition of flame-retardant materials, but this comes at the expense of their mechanical properties. In this regard, a comprehensive review on the recent research articles that studied the flame retardancy of epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin and their composites were covered. Flame retardancy performance of different flame retardant/polymer systems was evaluated in terms of Flame Retardancy index (FRI) that was calculated based on the data extracted from the cone calorimeter test. Furthermore, lame retardant selection charts that relate between the flame retardancy level with mechanical properties in the aspects of tensile and lexural strength were presented. This review paper is also dedicated to providing the reader with a brief overview on the combustion mechanism of polymeric materials, their flammability behaviour and the commonly used flammability testing techniques and the mechanism of action of flame retardants.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Mar 2021
Topic Review
The Additive Manufacturing
The design of heat exchangers may change dramatically through the use of additive manufacturing (AM). Additive manufacturing, colloquially known as 3D printing, enables the production of monolithic metal bodies, devoid of contact resistance.
  • 380
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Templated Twist Structure Liquid Crystals and Photonic Applications
Twist structure liquid crystals (TSLCs) have attracted increasing attention in photonic applications due to their distinct properties: Bragg reflection, scattering, and optical rotation. However, there exist some issues due to the defects of TSLCs: weak thermal stability, narrow bandwidth, and complicated fabrication. The templating technique which includes device structure, templating process, and photonic properties of templated TSLCs to improve the issues was introduced. Furthermore, a variety of photonic applications including lasing, optical filters and gratings based on TSLCs with polymer templates are presented. Additionally, other applications of TSLCs are briefly introduced. Finally, the remaining challenges and future perspectives of templated TSLCs are proposed.
  • 337
  • 29 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Synthesis of Porous Composite Metal Oxides
Porous transition-metal oxides with good intrinsic activities can be used to disperse and stabilize the active noble metal phases, thus promoting improvements in selectivity and activity of the supported noble metal catalysts and in the meanwhile reinforcing the optimized utilization of noble metals.
  • 479
  • 27 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Synthesis of Organoclays
Organoclays are effective adsorbents, prepared by intercalation or surface grafting of clays and clay minerals with various organic compounds. Organoclays have important practical applications as adsorbents of a wide range of organic pollutants and some inorganic contaminants.
  • 630
  • 06 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Synthesis of Graphene-Based Nanocomposites for Environmental Remediation Applications
The term graphene was coined using the prefix “graph” taken from graphite and the suffix “-ene” for the C=C bond, by Boehm et al. in 1986. The synthesis of graphene can be done using various methods. The synthesized graphene was further oxidized to graphene oxide (GO) using different methods, to enhance its multitude of applications. Graphene oxide (GO) is the oxidized analogy of graphene, familiar as the only intermediate or precursor for obtaining the latter at a large scale. Graphene oxide has recently obtained enormous popularity in the energy, environment, sensor, and biomedical fields and has been handsomely exploited for water purification membranes. GO is a unique class of mechanically robust, ultrathin, high flux, high-selectivity, and fouling-resistant separation membranes that provide opportunities to advance water desalination technologies. The facile synthesis of GO membranes opens the doors for ideal next-generation membranes as cost-effective and sustainable alternative to long existing thin-film composite membranes for water purification applications. 
  • 397
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Synthesis and Vibrational Properties of Conducting Polymers Composites
From composites based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and conducting polymers (CPs) to their biggest competitor, namely composites based on graphene or graphene derivate (GD) and CPs, there are many methods of synthesis that influence the morphology and the functionalization inside the composite, making them valuable candidates for EM both inside DSSCs and in supercapacitors devices. From the combination of CPs with carbon-based materials, such as CNT and graphene or GD, the perfect network is created, and so the charge transfer takes place faster and more easily.
  • 386
  • 26 Jan 2024
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