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Topic Review
Pathogen–Host Interaction in Different Non-albicans Candida Species
Fungal infections caused by Candida species have become a constant threat to public health, especially for immunocompromised patients, who are considered susceptible to this type of opportunistic infections. Candida albicans is known as the most common etiological agent of candidiasis; however, other species, such as Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Nakaseomyces glabrata (previously known as Candida glabrata), Candida auris, Candida guilliermondii, and Pichia kudriavzevii (previously named as Candida krusei), have also gained great importance.
  • 505
  • 28 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Palm Fungi
A wealth of studies has shown that palm trees (Arecaceae) are a diverse habitat with intense fungal colonisation, making them an important substratum to explore fungal diversity. Palm trees are perennial, monocotyledonous plants mainly restricted to the tropics that include economically important crops and highly valued ornamental plants worldwide. The extensive research conducted in Southeast Asia and Australasia has proven that fungi recovered from palm tissues are an important and taxonomically diverse assemblage that is often referred to as palm fungi or palmicolous fungi. It is estimated that there are about 76,000 species of palm fungi worldwide, of which more than 2500 are currently known. A number of ecological issues were assessed in palm fungi, which are critical to the study of fungal communities and their biological patterns in ecosystems. These studies have emphasised the intimate relationship of palm fungi with palm hosts, insomuch as they are considered to be good biogeographical indicators, playing a key role in biodiversity surveys. Palm fungi are considered a unique group of fungi, since many genera found to be associated with palms are host-specific or are rarely found associated with other plants. This host-specificity is far from being fully understood. Studies have revealed that it may be associated with the ecology of these microorganisms and their close association with palm hosts. Some palm fungi recorded as saprobes are often recovered as endophytes, which can justify the high plant:fungus ratios estimated in Arecaceae hosts. In turn, this surely accounts for the remarkable number of new species to science that are continuously being described from palms.
  • 202
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Overview of COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis
Immune-compromised diseases lead to a majority of opportunistic conditions such as oral fungal infections, also known as oral mycosis. Often, the impairment of host resistance leads to the initiation of pathogenic conditions in the oral cavity, and progression through local colonization. The use of immunosuppressive drugs and immunodeficiency upon viral infection, especially in COVID-19 patients, has led to a significant increase in the frequency of oral mycosis globally. 
  • 388
  • 27 May 2022
Topic Review
Novel Pathogenic Mucorales Identified by Silkworm
Mucormycosis, a rare but highly fatal infection, is caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. Due to their ubiquitous nature, reduced susceptibility to antifungals, acid tolerance, and ability to infect immunocompromised patients through rapid dissemination, these fungi have been frequently reported to infect the COVID-19 patients. In order to develop strategies to overcome mucormycosis, it is essential to understand and identify novel Mucorales present in the environment. 
  • 607
  • 14 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Non-Culture-Based Methods for Diagnosing Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
The diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is crucial since most clinical signs are not specific to invasive fungal infections. To detect an IPA, different criteria should be considered. Next to host factors and radiological signs, microbiological criteria should be fulfilled. For microbiological diagnostics, different methods are available. Next to the conventional culture-based approaches like staining and culture, non-culture-based methods can increase sensitivity and improve time-to-result. Besides fungal biomarkers, like galactomannan and (1→3)-β-D-glucan as nonspecific tools, molecular-based methods can also offer detection of resistance determinants. The detection of novel biomarkers or targets is promising. 
  • 161
  • 06 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Mycotoxin Occurrence in Foodstuffs
Mycotoxins are toxic substances produced as secondary fungal metabolites that can cause harmful effects on humans and animals. These compounds considerably affect the food industry and public health. The occurrence and levels of many mycotoxins have been studied in the overall food system, in which such toxins are more notable in the most nutritious and largely consumed foods like cereals and nuts.
  • 106
  • 13 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Mycotoxin Exposure and Children’s Health
The first 1000 days of life are very sensitive to any event that alters health programming, and they represent a window for intervention to improve population health. Pregnant women, fetuses, and infants are particularly vulnerable to exposure to food contaminated with mycotoxins. 
  • 618
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Mycotic Keratitis
Mycotic or fungal keratitis (FK) is a sight-threatening infection of the cornea by filamentous fungi or yeasts. 
  • 415
  • 23 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis of Ericaceous Plants
Ericaceae are a group of plants with biotechnological and commercial importance. These plants establish symbiotic associations with a wide group of mycorrhizal fungi. National and global studies have focused on two of them: arbuscular endomycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae. The classification of mycorrhizae by type of infection described so far in Ericaceae includes ectomycorrhizae, ectendomycorrhizae, and endomycorrhizae. Ectendomycorrhizas can be of arbutoid, monotropoid, and cavendishioid types; endomycorrhizas are of ericoid and arbuscular types. Of these clades, ectomycorrhizas and ectendomycorrhizas (arbutoid, monotropoid, and cavendishioid) form a multilayer mantle of hyphae around the root; while ericoid, unlike the previous ones, develop their intra- and intercellular structures.
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Mucormycosis—Emerging Fungal Threats
Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection due to organisms of the Zygomycetes class and the order of Mucorales that can cause various types of infections. In recent years, an increasing phenomenon has been observed—invasive fungal infections especially in the healthcare setting. Among immucompromised patients, an important clinical emergency could be represented by mucormycosis. The epidemiology of mucormycosis has shown an alarming trend and its incidence is rising globally. Four elements are fundamental for a successful treatment: rapid diagnosis, reduction of predisposing factors (if possible), surgical debridement of infected tissues, and appropriate antifungal therapy. 
  • 992
  • 13 Apr 2022
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