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Topic Review
Glutathionyl Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin is one of the proteins that are more susceptible to S-glutathionylation and the levels of its modified form, glutathionyl hemoglobin (HbSSG), increase in several human pathological conditions.
  • 221
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Autoimmune Diseases
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) modulate immune responses and maintain self-tolerance. Their trophic activities and regenerative properties make them potential immunosuppressants for treating autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. MSCs are drawn to sites of injury and inflammation where they can both reduce inflammation and contribute to tissue regeneration. An increased understanding of the role of MSCs in the development and progression of autoimmune disorders has revealed that MSCs are passive targets in the inflammatory process, becoming impaired by it and exhibiting loss of immunomodulatory activity. MSCs have been considered as potential novel cell therapies for severe autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, which at present have only disease modifying rather than curative treatment options.
  • 317
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Ultrasonography for Detecting Neoplasms in Dogs and Cats
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is based on the intravenous injection of contrast media constituted by microbubbles. This imaging modality provides information on the tissue perfusion and allows the investigation of macro- and micro-circulation. Studies on different organs and tissues were performed in dogs and cats and revealed a tendency of malignant tumors to present faster transit of the contrast media (time to wash in, peak and wash out). These advanced techniques associated with other imaging modalities can be used as screening tests and can potentially represent an alternative to the invasive sampling methods required for cytological and histopathological analysis.
  • 286
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Microsampling Applications Monitoring Lipids and Metabolites
Due to its numerous advantages, microsampling technology has become widely utilized in blood collection and storage across various fields. There has been a notable increase in studies combining microsampling with mass spectrometry techniques, with mass spectrometry being the preferred analytical tool for measuring lipids and metabolites. The synergy of microsampling with mass spectrometry brings forth several benefits, including minimal sample requirements, the ability to analyze multiple analytes simultaneously, and high sensitivity and specificity. Microsampling can be carried out by the patient without requiring trained personnel. This feature simplifies remote sampling, enhancing accessibility for individuals in remote areas and eliminating unnecessary, and in some cases, risky hospital visits for elderly individuals. 
  • 294
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Bioproduction of L-Cysteine
L-cysteine is a proteogenic amino acid with many applications in the pharmaceutical, food, animal feed, and cosmetic industries. Due to safety and environmental issues in extracting L-cysteine from animal hair and feathers, the fermentative production of L-cysteine offers an attractive alternative using renewable feedstocks. 
  • 137
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Bio-Based Edible Films and Coatings for Fruit Applications
Films and coatings have principal functionalities that are fundamental for increasing the shelf lives of food products. They need to achieve protection against UV light and the transfer of compounds (e.g., solutes, water vapor, organic vapors, and gases) between the food and the surrounding atmosphere. They also need to act as a barrier against mechanical damage. The addition of functional/bioactive compounds, such as nutrients, antioxidants, and antimicrobials, against bacterial and fungal proliferation can be performed. The nutritional value can be enhanced with microorganisms that confer health benefits, such as probiotics. Aromatic compounds and flavors can also be added as enhancing agents. Additionally, the final package should be biodegradable and utilize biological materials.
  • 200
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Improving Economically Valuable Traits in Crops
The purpose of crop quality improvement is to control and enhance the genetic characteristics of crops through breeding technology to boost the production performance of crops and to improve quality indicators such as palatability and nutrients. The development and improvement of molecular biology methods have led to the creation of new technologies that make it possible to modify plant genomes by transferring and integrating into the genomes’ heterologous genes from various expression systems (genetic engineering), as well as inducing knockouts of one or more target genes of interest (genomic editing). The development of genome-editing methods is a new milestone in the development of modern breeding methods and certainly relies on the knowledge and technologies developed for transgenesis.
  • 118
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Role of Arginine Methyltransferases in Inflammatory Responses
The immune system protects our body from bacteria, viruses, and toxins and removes malignant cells. Activation of immune cells requires the onset of a network of important signaling proteins. Methylation of these proteins affects their structure and biological function. Under stimulation, T cells, B cells, and other immune cells undergo activation, development, proliferation, differentiation, and manufacture of cytokines and antibodies. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), a group of methyltransferases with a seven β-strand set, methylate proteins on arginine residues.
  • 131
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Etiology and Route of Access of Particulate Matter
The primary origin of particulate matter (PM) is from a combination of industrial activity, internal combustion engines, and geographic and meteorological conditions linked to the increased forest fires.
  • 133
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Trabectedin and Lurbinectedin in the Tumour Microenvironment
Trabectedin (TRB) and Lurbinectedin (LUR) are alkaloid compounds originally isolated from Ecteinascidia turbinata with proven antitumoral activity. Both molecules are structural analogues that differ on the tetrahydroisoquinoline moiety of the C subunit in TRB, which is replaced by a tetrahydro-β-carboline in LUR.
  • 150
  • 22 Jan 2024
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