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Topic Review
Silk Fibroin as Contact Lenses
Fibroin is a fibrous protein that can be conveniently isolated from the silk cocoons produced by the larvae of Bombyx mori silk moth. In its form as a hydrogel, Bombyx mori silk fibroin (BMSF) has been employed in a variety of biomedical applications. When used as substrates for biomaterial-cells constructs in tissue engineering, the oxygen transport characteristics of the BMSF membranes have proved so far to be adequate. However, over the past three decades the BMSF hydrogels have been proposed episodically as materials for the manufacture of contact lenses, an application that depends on substantially elevated oxygen permeability.
  • 1.4K
  • 26 May 2021
Topic Review
Silicosis
Silicosis is a devastating interstitial lung disease characterized by silicon nodules and diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. It is a severe occupational hazard disease worldwide caused by long-term inhalation of crystalline-free silica dust in the workplaces (referred to as silica after this). Programmed cell death (PCD) refers to an active cell death process to maintain the internal environment’s stability after receiving a specific signal or stimulating factors.
  • 462
  • 06 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Silicon in the Soil–Plant Continuum
Plants’ ability to take up silicon from the soil, accumulate it within their tissues and then reincorporate it into the soil through litter creates an intricate network of feedback mechanisms in ecosystems. Here, we provide a study of silicon’s roles in soil chemistry and physics and in plant physiology and ecology, focusing on the processes that form these feedback mechanisms. 
  • 456
  • 07 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Silica Nanoparticles in Plants
The demand for agricultural crops continues to escalate with the rapid growth of the population. Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) are beneficial for plant growth and production and can be used as nanopesticides, nanoherbicides, and nanofertilizers in agriculture. SNPs can be classified as porous or non-porous in structure and can be synthesized by chemical, physical, and biological methods. In agriculture, SNP can be sprayed on foliage or irrigated into the soil. SNPs can promote plant growth and development by increasing photosynthesis and nutrient uptake rates and enhancing plant resistance to environmental stress. In the future, SNPs will provide various solutions for the healthy growth of agricultural crops.
  • 2.0K
  • 23 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Sildenafil
Oxidative stress linked to vascular damage plays an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Indeed, vascular damage at nailfold capillaroscopy in patients with Raynaud’s Phenomenon (RP) is a major risk factor for the development of SSc together with presence of specific autoantiobodies. Here we investigated the effects of the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) sildenafil, currently used in the management of RP, in modulating the proinflammatory response of dermal fibroblasts to oxidative stress in vitro. Human fibroblasts isolated by SSc patients and healthy controls were exposed to exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) (100µM H2O2), in the presence or not of sildenafil (1µM). Treatment with sildenafil significantly reduced dermal fibroblasts gene expression and cellular release of IL-6, known to play a central role in the pathogenesis of tissue damage in SSc and IL-8, directly induced by ROS. This reduction was associated with suppression of STAT3, ERK, NF-κB and PKB/AKT dependent pathways. Our findings support the notion that the employment of PDE5i in the management of RP may be explored for its efficacy in modulating the oxidative stress induced proinflammatory activation of dermal fibroblasts in vivo and ultimately aid in the prevention of tissue damage in SSc.
  • 660
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Significance of Skin Microbiota for Wound Healing
Wounded skin can naturally be repaired by a mechanism called wound healing. Human skin is a habitat of various pathogenic and commensal bacteria. While these bacteria are in balance in healthy skin, they can lose the balance by wounding, which leads to delay in the wound-healing process. Moreover, commensal and pathogenic bacteria inhabit skin tissue and have constant communication with the immune system, which can increase and decrease the healing efficiency, respectively.
  • 193
  • 06 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Significance of Glycerol in Biochemistry
Glycerol (C3H8O3), also known as propane-1,2,3-triol, is a significant biomolecule [1]. It is chemically classified as a ‘polyol with a molar mass of 92.09382 g/mol, a density of 1.26 g/cm3, and a boiling point of 554 °F (290 °C). In this section, we shall highlight some key roles this molecule plays in the biochemistry of life.
  • 3.4K
  • 26 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Signaling Pathways Involving Epigallocatechin Gallate
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the main bioactive component of catechins predominantly present in various types of tea. EGCG is well known for a wide spectrum of biological activities as an anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor agent. The effect of EGCG on cell death mechanisms via the induction of apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy has been documented.
  • 777
  • 11 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Signaling Pathways in Hypothalamic Neurons with Aging
The hypothalamus is an important regulator of autonomic and endocrine functions also involved in aging regulation. The aging process in the hypothalamus is accompanied by disturbed intracellular signaling including insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)/growth hormone (GH), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-ĸB), and nitric oxide (NO). 
  • 199
  • 18 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Signaling Pathways in Aging
Aging is a fundamental biological process accompanied by a general decline in tissue function. Indeed, as the lifespan increases, age-related dysfunction, such as cognitive impairment or dementia, will become a growing public health issue. 
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Apr 2021
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