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Topic Review
Src Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
Src non-receptor tyrosine kinase phosphorylates a variety of protein substrates that perform specific cellular functions. Activity of Src is regulated by a variety of stimuli and the Src protein is subjected to several types of post-translational modifications including lipidation, phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation and oxidation. In particular, p-Tyr416 Src has been known to be an active form while p-Tyr527 Src is an inactive form through autoinhibition by binding to Src SH2 own domain.
  • 1.9K
  • 23 May 2022
Topic Review
Src Family Kinase
Src family kinases (SFKs) are key regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The expression of these non-receptor tyrosine kinases is strongly correlated with cancer development and tumor progression. Thus, this family of proteins serves as an attractive drug target.
  • 582
  • 14 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are cancers that arise from both stratified squamous and non-squamous epithelium of diverse anatomical sites and collectively represent one of the most frequent solid tumors. Despite such heterogeneous anatomical origins, SCCs have unified oncogenic and metabolic features centered around maintaining redox homeostasis that may ultimately be attractive therapeutic targets.
  • 490
  • 06 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Squalene Synthase in Ferroptosis
Squalene synthase (SQS) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for various diseases, including cancers, owing to its pivotal role in the mevalonate pathway and the antioxidant properties of squalene. SQS is a regulator of lipid peroxidation and programmed cell death pathways, such as ferroptosis—a type of cell death characterized by elevated levels of lipid peroxide, one of the forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and intracellular iron concentration. 
  • 290
  • 26 Jul 2023
Topic Review
SpyCatcher-SpyTag System
The SpyCatcher-SpyTag system was developed as a method for protein ligation. It is based on a modified domain from a Streptococcus pyogenes surface protein (SpyCatcher), which recognizes a cognate 13-amino-acid peptide (SpyTag). Upon recognition, the two form a covalent isopeptide bond between the side chains of a lysine in SpyCatcher and an aspartate in SpyTag. This technology has been used, among other applications, to create covalently stabilized multi-protein complexes, for modular vaccine production, and to label proteins (e.g., for microscopy). 
  • 4.0K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Sputum Proteomics in Asthma
The identification of markers of inflammatory activity at the early stages of pulmonary diseases which share common characteristics that prevent their clear differentiation is of great significance to avoid misdiagnosis, and to understand the intrinsic molecular mechanism of the disorder. The combination of electrophoretic/chromatographic methods with mass spectrometry is currently a promising approach for the identification of candidate biomarkers of a disease. Since the fluid phase of sputum is a rich source of proteins which could provide an early diagnosis of specific lung disorders, it is frequently used in these studies.
  • 332
  • 26 May 2022
Topic Review
Spumaretrovirus Assembly
Within the family of Retroviridae, foamy viruses (FVs) are unique and unconventional with respect to many aspects in their molecular biology, including assembly and release of enveloped viral particles. Both components of the minimal assembly and release machinery, Gag and Env, display significant differences in their molecular structures and functions compared to the other retroviruses. 
  • 556
  • 27 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Sprouts and Microgreens for Healthy Diets
Healthy diets prevent diet-related non-communicable diseases; they provide nutrients and health-promoting substances from nutritious foods in adequate amounts. With society's growing interest in healthy eating, the interest in fresh, ready-to-eat, functional food, such as microscale vegetables (sprouted seeds and microgreens), has been on the rise in recent years globally. This entry briefly describes the crops commonly used for microscale vegetable production, highlights Brassica vegetables because of their health-promoting secondary metabolites and looks at consumer acceptance of sprouts and microgreens. Landraces, wild food plants, and crops' wild relatives often have high phytonutrient density and exciting flavours and tastes, thus providing scope to widen the range of crops and species used for this purpose. Moreover, the nutritional value and content of phytochemicals often vary with plant growth and development stages of the same crop. Sprouted seeds and microgreens are often more nutrient-dense than ungerminated seeds or mature vegetables. This entry also describes the environmental and priming factors that may impact the nutritional value and content of phytochemicals of microscale vegetables. Due to their short growth cycle, nutrient-dense sprouts and microgreens can be produced with minimal input and without pesticides. They can even be home-grown and harvested as needed, hence having low environmental impacts and a broad acceptance among health-conscious consumers.
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Sprouts and Microgreens
Sprouts and microgreens can be produced quickly, easily, and cost-effectively due to simple requirements for equipment and supplies, and a rapid developmental process varying from a few days (sprouts) to approximately two weeks (microgreens). This, in turn, suggests a unique opportunity for industrial scalability coupled with the prospect for consumers to independently access food with proven or purported nutritional benefits. Sprouts and microgreens have attracted tremendous interest across multiple disciplines in recent years. 
  • 453
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Sprouted Grains to Combat Malnutrition
Due to the global rise in food insecurity, micronutrient deficiency, and diet-related health issues, the United Nations (UN) has called for action to eradicate hunger and malnutrition. Grains are the staple food worldwide; hence, improving their nutritional quality can certainly be an appropriate approach to mitigate malnutrition.
  • 264
  • 31 Oct 2023
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