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Topic Review
Rosemary-Derived Drugs and Bioactive Compounds: A Patent Review
Medicinal plants are widely employed in the treatment of human and animal diseases all over the world. Based on their ethnopharmacological uses and applications, the majority of medications are developed from isolated compounds of medicinal plants. Rosemary, one of these medicinal plants, is utilized in medicine due to its analgesic and antibacterial properties. Additionally, it serves as an antioxidant, carminative, and analgesic for muscles and joints, and is employed for the treatment of minor wounds, rashes, headaches, and circulation problems. Furthermore, an ethanolic extract of rosemary has been shown to have antidiabetic activity. Regarding other health pathologies, rosemary has revealed its protective action against types of cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
  • 364
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Tumor Microenvironment of Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Squamous cell carcinomas arise from stratified squamous epithelia. Here, a comparative analysis based on recent studies defining the genetic alterations and composition of the stroma of oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC and CSCC, respectively) was performed. Both carcinomas share some but not all histological and genetic features. 
  • 236
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Plant Promoters
One of the strategies to overcome diseases or abiotic stress in crops is the use of improved varieties. Genetic improvement could be accomplished through different methods, including conventional breeding, induced mutation, genetic transformation, or gene editing. The gene function and regulated expression through promoters are necessary for transgenic crops to improve specific traits. The variety of promoter sequences has increased in the generation of genetically modified crops because they could lead to the expression of the gene responsible for the improved trait in a specific manner.
  • 801
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
S-100 Proteins
S100s are a group of calcium-binding proteins which received this name because of their solubility in a 100% saturated solution of ammonium sulphate at neutral pH. All members of the S100 protein family have a similar molecular mass of 10–12 KDa, and they each share 25–65% similarity in their amino acid sequence.
  • 349
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Metagenomics in Biofouling Research
Biofouling is the growth of organisms on wet surfaces. Biofouling includes micro- (bacteria and unicellular algae) and macrofouling (mussels, barnacles, tube worms, bryozoans, etc.) and is a major problem for industries. However, the settlement and growth of some biofouling species, like oysters and corals, can be desirable. Thus, it is important to understand the process of biofouling in detail. Modern “omic” techniques, such as metabolomics, metagenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, provide unique opportunities to study biofouling organisms and communities and investigate their metabolites and environmental interactions.  Because "omics" originate from biomedical research and especially work at the cellular level, the learning curve for work in the environment is steep.  Researchers envision that as use of "omics" techniques especially combining different "omics" to address complex issues like biofouling will be transformational.
  • 302
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Universal Tick Vaccines
Vaccination is usually proposed as a safe and sustainable strategy to overcome problems related to tick infestation and disease transmission. However, progress in anti-vector vaccine development has been slow and patchy, and currently, only a handful of vaccines targeting ectoparasites have been developed and tested successfully.
  • 263
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
GNL3 and PA2G4 as Prostate Cancer Prognostic Biomarkers
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein-like 3 (GNL3) and proliferation-associated protein 2G4 (PA2G4) are molecules involved during metaphase-to-anaphase transition and growth regulation. GNL3 and PA2G4 have been found to be overexpressed in several human cancers, including prostate cancer. Clinical data suggest that GNL3 and PA2G4 could be developed as prognostic biomarkers of clinical significance in prostate cancer.
  • 341
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Genome Editing in Treating Cardiac Arrhythmias
Despite advances in screening and preventative treatments, the estimated lifetime risk for premature death due to arrhythmogenic sudden cardiac death remains high. A growing understanding of the genetics underlying cardiac arrhythmias has enabled new treatment possibilities including the use of cardiac genome editing.
  • 187
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Monocytes in Tumorigenesis and Tumor Immunotherapy
Monocytes are highly plastic innate immune cells that display significant heterogeneity during homeostasis, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. Tumor-induced systemic and local microenvironmental changes influence the phenotype, differentiation, and distribution of monocytes. Meanwhile, monocytes and their related cell subsets perform an important regulatory role in the development of many cancers by affecting tumor growth or metastasis. Thanks to recent advances in single-cell technologies, the nature of monocyte heterogeneity and subset-specific functions have become increasingly clear, making it possible to systematically analyze subset-specific roles of monocytes in tumorigenesis.
  • 259
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Insulin in the Striatum
Insulin crosses the blood–brain barrier to enter the brain from the periphery. In the brain, insulin has well-established actions as a satiation signal in the hypothalamus, as well as effects on feeding at the level of mesolimbic dopamine neurons in the midbrain. However, insulin also acts in the striatum, a forebrain region that is crucial for movement, mood and motivated behavior. The striatum shows abundant expression of insulin receptors (InsRs) throughout. These receptors are found on interneurons and striatal projections neurons, as well as on glial cells and dopamine axons.
  • 349
  • 30 Jun 2023
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