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Topic Review
Influence of Heat Stress on Chicken Immune System
Heat stress (HS) in poultry husbandry is an important stressor and with increasing global temperatures its importance will increase. The negative effects of stress on the quality and quantity of poultry production are described in a range of research studies.
  • 303
  • 16 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Impact  of The Herbicide Glyphosate on Animal Behavior
Use of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides is ubiquitous in US agriculture and widespread around the world. Despite marketing efforts to the contrary, numerous studies demonstrate glyphosate toxicity to non-target organisms including animals, primarily focusing on mortality, carcinogenicity, renal toxicity, reproductive, and neurological toxicity, and the biochemical mechanisms underlying these physiological outcomes. Glyphosate toxicity also impacts animal behavior, both in model systems and in agricultural and environmentally relevant contexts. 
  • 369
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Dendritic Cells Function in Antitumor Responses
High-grade gliomas are malignant brain tumors, and patient outcomes remain dismal despite the emergence of immunotherapies aimed at promoting tumor elimination by the immune system. A robust antitumor immune response requires the presentation of tumor antigens by dendritic cells (DC) to prime cytolytic T cells. 
  • 215
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Principles of Aboveground Biomass Estimation via Remote Sensing
Quantifying forest aboveground biomass (AGB) is essential for elucidating the global carbon cycle and the response of forest ecosystems to climate change.  Remote-sensing techniques have played a vital role in forest AGB estimation at different scales.
  • 412
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Environmental and Human-related Factors Affecting Zoo-Housed Otters
Zoos and aquaria have the ethical responsibility to provide animals under their care with conditions that promote good welfare. This research evaluated the combined influence of human presence and environmental factors on the behaviour of zoo-housed Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinereus).
  • 613
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Commercial Applications of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina sp.
Microalgae are a large and polyphyletic group of O2-evolving photosynthetic microorganisms, mostly aquatic, comprising prokaryotic cyanobacteria and eukaryotic members. Estimates of the world microalgal production are around 50.000 t/year, Chlorella sp. and Spirulina sp. accounting for more than 90% of the total microalgal biomass production.  These microorganisms have been widely recognized for their nutritional and therapeutic properties; therefore, a significant growth of their market is expected, especially in the nutraceutical, food, and beverage segments.
  • 467
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Biosynthesis of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a phenylpropanoid naturally found in propolis that shows important biological activities, including neuroprotective activity by modulating the Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways, promoting antioxidant enzyme expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine expression. Its simple chemical structure has inspired the synthesis of many derivatives, with aliphatic and/or aromatic moieties, some of which have improved the biological properties. Moreover, new drug delivery systems increase the bioavailability of these compounds in vivo, allowing its transcytosis through the blood-brain barrier, thus protecting brain cells from the increased inflammatory status associated to neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.
  • 278
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
N-Terminal Methionine Excision
In the cytosol of human cells, when a newly synthesized polypeptide emerges from the ribosomes, its fate can be determined by the enzymes that modify its N-terminal α-amino acid residue (Nα). These N-terminal modifications include excision of the initiator methionine (iMet), Nα-myristoylation, Nα-acetylation, Nα-methylation, and other less common modification events. Methionine aminopeptidases (MetAPs) are responsible for N-terminal iMet excision (NME).
  • 294
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Early Discoveries and Understanding of Vitamin E
Vitamin E, consisting of four tocopherols and four tocotrienols, with α-tocopherol as the most biologically active form, has a significant history in scientific research. It was first identified in the 1920s for its role in preventing neonatal mortality in rats. Over time, its chemical structure was elucidated, and its importance in the immune system, skin health, anti-inflammatory properties, and hormonal balance was revealed.
  • 400
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Rumen Development of Goats
As small ruminant species, goat kids are born with deficient physical, metabolic, and microbial rumen development. The rumen is the point of contact between the host and the nutrients consumed, where most nutrient digestion and metabolism occur. The process of rumen development, including morphology, metabolic function, and microbial colonization, is a temporal and successional process during the early stage of life. 
  • 739
  • 14 Aug 2023
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