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Topic Review
The Magnetoencephalogram
In 1968, biomagnetism pioneer David Cohen performed the first measurement of the magnetic field of the brain: the magnetoencephalogram (MEG). He detected the brain’s largest signal: the alpha rhythm. This nearly sinusoidal oscillation at a frequency of about 10 Hz is turned on or off by closing or opening your eyes.
  • 555
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
The Luminous Fungi of Japan
Luminous fungi have long attracted public attention in Japan, from old folklore and fiction to current tourism, children’s toys, games, and picture books. 25 species of luminous fungi have been discovered in Japan, which correspond to approximately one-fourth of the globally recognized species. This species richness is arguably due to the abundant presence of mycophiles looking to find new mushroom species and a tradition of night-time activities, such as firefly watching, in Japan.
  • 1.1K
  • 31 May 2023
Topic Review
The LPA3 Receptor
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 (LPA3) is implicated in different physiological and pathological functions through activation of different signal pathways, the result of the regulation process of this receptor. The knowledge of regulating LPA3 could be a crucial element for defined their roles in health and disease.
  • 1.0K
  • 09 Jul 2021
Topic Review
The Lissorchiid Concept of the Genus Anarhichotrema Shimazu
Anarhichotrema Shimazu, 1973 is a monotypic digenean genus, with the type- and only species, Anarhichotrema ochotense Shimazu, 1973, known to infect North Pacific fishes. This genus was originally described as a member of the Lissorchiidae (Monorchioidea) and later moved to the Zoogonidae (Microphalloidea).
  • 455
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
The Link between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Renal Cancer
Cancer has been described as a risk factor for greater susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19, mainly for patients with metastatic disease. Conversely, to that reported for most solid and hematological malignancies, the few available clinical studies reported that the infection did not increase the risk of death in renal cancer patients. The expression on proximal tubular renal cells of the key players in cellular viral uptake, ACE2, TMPRSS2, and NRP1, seems to be the mechanism for the direct kidney injury seen in patients with COVID-19. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and experimental analyses on various renal cancer cell lines demonstrated that the above-reported receptors/cofactors are maintained by renal cancer cells. However, whether SARS-CoV-2 infection directly kills renal cancer cells or generates enhanced immunogenicity is a question worth investigating.
  • 198
  • 08 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Link between Implant Failures and Titanium Allergy
Cases of probable titanium allergy included those with true titanium allergies and those with a potentially different cause. However, the differentiation of these cases is difficult. Since no definitive method has been established for diagnosing titanium allergy, a comprehensive diagnosis based on the clinical course and clinical examination using a patch test/lymphocyte transformation test (LTT)/memory lymphocyte immunostimulation assay (MELISA) is necessary. Implant treatment should be performed with caution in patients with any preoperative allergies.
  • 363
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
The Link between CRDs and Prostate Cancer Risk
African American (AA) men have 2.4 times higher mortality rate due to prostate cancer than White men in the United States. Evidence implicates circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) as a potential driver of prostate cancer risk and progression. AA men are particularly vulnerable to CRDs due to greater exposure to night shift work, artificial light at night, noise pollution, racial discrimination, and socioeconomic disadvantages.
  • 616
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
The Less Known Cyclins
Cyclins belong to a group of proteins that are cyclically produced and destructed in a cell. Cyclins are a family of proteins that are a key component of the cell cycle regulating system, which level of expression depends on the phase of the cycle.
  • 384
  • 22 Mar 2021
Topic Review
The Leafless Vanilla Species
The pantropical genus Vanilla is a member of the Orchidaceae family. It originated in America and differentiated in America, Africa, and Asia. About 132 species of Vanilla have now been accepted since the discovery of the genus. Within the Vanilla genus, leaflessness has appeared at least three independent times, in Africa, Asia, and America as an adaptation to drought conditions. The South-West Indian Ocean (SWIO) region is home to seven leafless species. Chloroplast markers failed to differentiate species within this recent SWIO clade. Morphological traits used for description are very similar between species and do not provide reliable identification. Leafless Vanilla species from the SWIO islands are thus an excellent model for understanding the evolution of orchids. For their conservation, and to confirm the identity of these leafless species, an integrated approach with classical taxonomy using a large number of samples, intense fieldwork on biology and ecology, and molecular studies using variable markers is necessary.
  • 1.5K
  • 14 Dec 2020
Topic Review
The Larva of the Ascidian Halocynthia roretzi
The swimming larva represents the dispersal phase of ascidians, marine invertebrates belonging to tunicates. Due to its adhesive papillae, the larva searches the substrate, adheres to it, and undergoes metamorphosis, thereby becoming a sessile filter feeding animal. The papillae of H. roretzi, previously described as simple and conform, exhibit dynamic changes during settlement. This opens up new considerations on papillae morphology and evolution and deserves to be further investigated.
  • 1.0K
  • 31 Dec 2021
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