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Topic Review
Rumen Solubility of Copper, Manganese and Zinc
The dietary inclusion of trace minerals (TMs), such as copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn), is of importance to cover the ever-evolving requirements for growth, production and reproduction in ruminants. Various sources of TMs are commercially available, such as inorganic (ITM), organic (OTM) or hydroxy (HTM) forms; however, their bioavailability and efficiency to improve ruminant zootechnical parameters may be highly influenced by ruminal solubility and effects on the rumen environment.
  • 243
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Piperine’s Dual Mechanisms of Prevention and Destruction ofCancer
Piperine, an active alkaloid with a wide range of therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects, has garnered attention for its potential in cancer prevention and treatment. Cancer chemoprevention emboldens the use of natural and synthetic biologically active substances to prevent, inhibit, or reverse cancer progression. Chemopreventive agents have been classified into blocking agents and suppressing agents. Blocking agents impede the initiation of tumors. Suppressing agents, on the other hand, act subsequently by suppressing the transformation of initiated cells into preneoplastic and/or neoplastic cells and malignancy. Piperine exhibits a unique duality in its abilities, functioning as both a blocking and a suppressing agent in cancer prevention and therapy. This dual role allows piperine to target multiple pathways and aspects of cancer development and progression, ultimately enhancing the effectiveness of chemoprevention strategies.
  • 274
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Superoxide Dismutase 1 in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neurodegenerative disease. Cell damage in ALS is the result of many different, largely unknown, pathogenetic mechanisms. Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1) physiologically mediates intracellular peroxide generation. About 10% of ALS subjects show a familial disease associated with different gain-of-function SOD1 mutations. The occurrence of sporadic ALS, not clearly associated with SOD1 defects, has been also described. SOD1-dependent pathways have been involved in neuron functional network as well as in immune-response regulation. 
  • 235
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
mTOR Signaling Pathway in Cell Growth
The evolutionarily conserved target of rapamycin (TOR) serine/threonine kinase controls eukaryotic cell growth, metabolism and survival by integrating signals from the nutritional status and growth factors. TOR is the catalytic subunit of two distinct functional multiprotein complexes termed mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) and mTORC2, which phosphorylate a different set of substrates and display different physiological functions. Dysregulation of TOR signaling has been involved in the development and progression of several disease states including cancer and diabetes. 
  • 175
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Nutritional Value of Tenebrio molitor
Tenebrio molitor larvae, commonly known as mealworms, as they are a rich source of nutrients and can be reared with relatively low resource input.
  • 598
  • 29 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Approach to Determine Agricultural Products' Redox Bioactivity
Food products contain hundreds of chemical constituents in varying concentrations and the comprehensive analysis of their bioactivity can reveal unique distinctive patterns. The screening of the biological properties of a wide variety of both lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant substances using a rapid and low-cost methodology is a critical step toward establishing the classification of the endogenous bioactivity of foodstuffs.
  • 281
  • 29 Nov 2023
Topic Review
The Effects of Nanomaterials on Microalgae Growth
Microalgae are promising biological factories for the production of diverse natural products, such as proteins, lipids, exopolysaccharides (EPSs), carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. These biomolecules or metabolites can be used in industrial products ranging from biofuels, food additives, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals to alternatives to chemically synthetic or animal-derived products. To improve the production efficiency of microalgae-derived metabolites, diverse microalgal cultivation methods have been developed, such as nitrogen deficiency, salinity stress, photoinduction, and carbon source addition. Nanotechnology or nanomaterial application has arisen as a new strategy in the production of valuable metabolites or bioproducts in microalgae. Nanomaterials (NMs) are materials that are manufactured with at least one dimension being less than 100 nanometers (nm). They have been found to influence the physiology and metabolism of algal cells by generating cell shading, physical damage, and oxidative stress.
  • 324
  • 29 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Epigenetic Regulation of Alternative Isoforms in Cancer
While significant strides have been made in understanding cancer biology, the enhancement in patient survival is limited, underscoring the urgency for innovative strategies. Epigenetic modifications characterized by hereditary shifts in gene expression without changes to the DNA sequence play a critical role in producing alternative gene isoforms. When these processes go awry, they influence cancer onset, growth, spread, and cancer stemness.
  • 147
  • 29 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Global Trends in Halal Food Standards
The demand for ethical foods is rising, with halal foods playing a significant role in this trend. However, halal standards vary globally, which can have substantial implications. Multiple Halal Certification Bodies (HCBs) can approve food products but they often prioritize national regulations over international alignment.
  • 642
  • 29 Nov 2023
Topic Review
d-Tagatose by l-Arabinose Isomerase
d-tagatose is a low-calorie alternative to sucrose natural monosaccharide that is nearly as sweet. As a ketohexose, d-tagatose has disease-relieving and health-promoting properties. Due to its scarcity in nature, d-tagatose is mainly produced through chemical and biological methods.
  • 607
  • 29 Nov 2023
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