Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Zinc in Modern and Fossil Hominoid Teeth
Teeth begin to grow in the jaws before birth and continue to appear in an overlapping sequence until each is complete in length. Subsequently, the central pulp (nerve) chamber of each tooth slowly fills in with dentine and the root of the tooth continues to accumulate thin layers of cementum until the individual dies. Each of the tooth tissues, the hard enamel cap, the dentine core of the tooth and the root cementum grow incrementally and incorporate small quantities of blood-born trace elements ingested from our diet into their structure. A chronological record of zinc incorporation exists in each tooth tissue and can be visualised in thin sections, or slices, of teeth using a beam of synchrotron light. Zinc markings in teeth are especially useful and occur at birth in enamel and dentine and annually in the cementum layers. This work shows that zinc is consistently concentrated within surface enamel and in the dentine surrounding the central pulp chamber. Knowing where to sample Zn in modern and fossil teeth enables us to reconstruct a chronology of growth and to determine something about diet in the past from the remnants of different Zn isotopes contained in different foodstuffs.
  • 453
  • 12 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Health-Promoting Compounds in Wine and Wine-Related Products
Health-promoting compounds in wine and wine-related products are important due to their potential benefits to human health. In contemporary food and beverage industry research, scientific investigations focus on identifying health-promoting compounds inherent in plants or derived materials. Most of these compounds belong to the polyphenol family, encompassing flavonoids and non-flavonoids. Additionally, carotenoids, antioxidants, and essential vitamins and minerals offer discernible health benefits upon consumption.
  • 188
  • 12 Dec 2023
Topic Review
RNAnalysis for Codeless RNAnalysing Sequencing of Data
In next-generation sequencing experiments, significant obstacles include conducting exploratory data analysis, deciphering trends, pinpointing potential targets/candidates, and presenting results in a clear and intuitive manner. These challenges become more pronounced for researchers lacking expertise in coding, as most analysis tools demand programming skills. Even for adept computational biologists, there is a need for an efficient and reproducible system to produce standardized results.
  • 590
  • 12 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Perivascular Astrocyte Endfeet
Astrocytes (ACs) are the most abundant cells in the brain and, importantly, are the master connecting and communicating cells that provide structural and functional support for brain cells at all levels of organization. Further, they are recognized as the guardians and housekeepers of the brain. Protoplasmic perivascular astrocyte endfeet and their basal lamina form the delimiting outermost barrier (glia limitans) of the perivascular spaces in postcapillary venules and are important for the clearance of metabolic waste. They comprise the glymphatic system, which is critically dependent on proper waste removal by the pvACef polarized aquaporin-4 water channels. Also, the protoplasmic perisynaptic astrocyte endfeet (psACef) are important in cradling the neuronal synapses that serve to maintain homeostasis and serve a functional and supportive role in synaptic transmission. Enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) are emerging as important aberrant findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and are associated with white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, and aging, and are accepted as biomarkers for cerebral small vessel disease, increased obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Knowledge is exponentially expanding regarding EPVS along with the glymphatic system, since EPVS are closely associated with impaired glymphatic function and waste removal from the brain to the cerebrospinal fluid and systemic circulation.
  • 205
  • 12 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Coxiella burnetii Infection in Cats
Coxiella burnetii is the etiologic agent of the zoonosis called Q fever. The disease was first described in Australia in 1935 by Edward Holbrook Derrick who investigated a disease in a group of abattoir workers in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The “Q” comes from “query” fever, as named by Derrick.
  • 197
  • 12 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Latin American Plants against Microorganisms
Antimicrobial resistance is a severe and developing clinical issue that has reduced the therapeutic effectiveness of conventional antibiotics and narrowed the treatment choices for bacterial infections. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are generally difficult to treat due to reduced membrane penetration, efflux pump overexpression, target site shifting, inactive subpopulations, biofilm growth, and enzymatic destruction. Resistant bacteria are strains resistant to several medicines, resulting in increased infections.
  • 185
  • 12 Dec 2023
Topic Review
CRISPR Technology in Flowering Time Engineering
Flowering is a crucial process in the life cycle of most plants as it is essential for the reproductive success and genetic diversity of the species. There are situations in which breeders want to expedite, delay, or prevent flowering, for example, to shorten or prolong vegetative growth, to prevent unwanted pollination, to reduce the risk of diseases or pests, or to modify the plant's phenotypes.
  • 289
  • 12 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Proteins Related to Human Neurodegenerative Diseases inYeast Cells
A characteristic feature of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is the formation of protein aggregates (inclusion bodies) in cells of the nervous system, formed as a result of the misfolding of proteins. Based on the reviewed results of studies on NDs and related protein aggregation, as well as viral protein aggregation, a new experimental model system for the study of human NDs is proposed. The core of the proposed system is a comparative transcriptomic analysis of changes in signaling pathways during the expression of viral capsid proteins in yeast cells.
  • 161
  • 12 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Gut Microbiota and Dendritic Cells in Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignancy that manifests in serial stages and has been observed to have an escalating incidence in modern societies, causing a significant global health problem. The development of CRC is influenced by various exogenous factors, including lifestyle, diet, nutrition, environment, and microbiota, that can affect host cells, including immune cells.
  • 483
  • 12 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Immune System, Inflammation and Autoantigens in wAMD
Wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) is a chronic inflammation-associated neurodegenerative disease affecting the posterior part of the eye in the aging population. Aging results in the reduced functionality of cells and tissues, including the cells of the retina. Initiators of a chronic inflammatory and pathologic state in wAMD may be a result of the accumulation of inevitable metabolic injuries associated with the maintenance of tissue homeostasis from a young age to over 50. Apart from this, risk factors like smoking, genetic predisposition, and failure to repair the injuries that occur, alongside attempts to rescue the hypoxic outer retina may also contribute to the pathogenesis. Aging of the immune system (immunosenescence) and a compromised outer blood retinal barrier (BRB) result in the exposure of the privileged milieu of the retina to the systemic immune system, further increasing the severity of the disease. 
  • 332
  • 12 Dec 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 1815
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback