Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
TNF
TNF is a gene that plays an essential role in the body, it affects both immune response and inflammation. The gene encodes a protein called tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) [1].
  • 1.7K
  • 05 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Stereotype Embodiment Theory
Stereotype embodiment theory (SET) is a theoretical model first posited by psychologist Becca Levy to explain the process by which age stereotypes influence the health of older adults. There are multiple well-documented effects of age stereotypes on a number of cognitive and physical outcomes (including memory, cardiovascular reactivity, and longevity). SET explains these findings according to a three-step process: Underlying these three steps are SET's four main theoretical premises. According to Levy (2009): "The theory has four components: The stereotypes (a) become internalized across the lifespan, (b) can operate unconsciously, (c) gain salience from self-relevance, and (d) utilize multiple pathways." Although this theory was developed to explain the operation of age stereotypes across the lifespan, it may also explain how other types of self-stereotypes operate, such as race stereotypes among African Americans and gender stereotypes among women.
  • 1.7K
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Glossitis Areata Exfoliativa
Geographic tongue, also known by several other terms, is a condition of the mucous membrane of the tongue, usually on the dorsal surface. It is a common condition, affecting approximately 2–3% of the general population. It is characterized by areas of smooth, red depapillation (loss of lingual papillae) which migrate over time. The name comes from the map-like appearance of the tongue, with the patches resembling the islands of an archipelago. The cause is unknown, but the condition is entirely benign (importantly, it does not represent oral cancer), and there is no curative treatment. Uncommonly, geographic tongue may cause a burning sensation on the tongue, for which various treatments have been described with little formal evidence of efficacy.
  • 1.7K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Enzymatic Antioxidant
Plant enzymes are superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferases (GST), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), which work as part of the antioxidant defence system. These enzymes together form a complex set of mechanisms to minimise, buffer, and scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS) efficiently. 
  • 1.7K
  • 24 Jun 2021
Topic Review
The Alveolar Epithelium at Homeostasis
The alveolar epithelium serves as a barrier between the body and the external environment. To maintain efficient gas exchange, the alveolar epithelium has evolved to withstand and rapidly respond to an assortment of inhaled, injury-inducing stimuli. Alveolar damage can lead to loss of alveolar fluid barrier function and exuberant, non-resolving inflammation that manifests clinically as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
  • 1.7K
  • 21 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Red Seaweed Pigments
Algae taxa are notably diverse regarding pigment diversity and composition, red seaweeds (Rhodophyta) being a valuable source of phycobiliproteins (phycoerythrins, phycocyanin, and allophycocyanin), carotenes (carotenoids and xanthophylls), and chlorophyll a. These pigments have a considerable biotechnological potential, which has been translated into several registered patents and commercial applications. 
  • 1.7K
  • 20 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Microbiological Hazards in Dairy
In Africa, milk production, processing and consumption are integral part of the traditional food supply, with dairy products being a staple component of recommended healthy diets. In this article, we highlight the main microbial food safety hazards in the dairy chain in African. These include risk factors associated with various steps in the dairy chain including primary production, milk collection, storage, packaging, transportation and distribution, traditional milk processing as well as consumer practices.
  • 1.7K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Adenosine A1 Receptor and Epilepsy
Adenosine acts as an endogenous anticonvulsant and seizure terminator in the brain. Many of its anticonvulsive effects are mediated through activation of the adenosine A1 receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor with a wide array of targets. Various signaling pathways are involved in the neuronal inhibition caused by adenosine A1 receptor activation. These include direct interactions of G protein subunits, the adenyl cyclase pathway and the phospholipase C pathway, which all mediate neuronal hyperpolarization and suppression of synaptic transmission.
  • 1.7K
  • 19 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Egyptian Six-Rowed Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the main and oldest cereal crops on Earth. Worldwide, its grain production is ranked fourth after maize, rice, and wheat. Barley is generally considered a poor man’s crop because it is easy to cultivate, with few requirements, and has a high capacity for adaptation to harsh environments. Some literature estimates the age of barley at 11,000 years. However, six-rowed barley did not arise until after 6000 BC. Archaeological evidence has dated barley cultivation to 5000–6000 BC in Egypt. Barley products, especially bread and beer, comprised a complete diet in ancient Egypt.
  • 1.7K
  • 10 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Cyanidin-3-Glucoside
Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) is a well-known natural anthocyanin and possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The catabolism of C3G in the gastrointestinal tract could produce bioactive phenolic metabolites, such as protocatechuic acid, phloroglucinaldehyde, vanillic acid, and ferulic acid, which enhance C3G bioavailability and contribute to both mucosal barrier and microbiota.
  • 1.7K
  • 02 Aug 2021
  • Page
  • of
  • 1746
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Video Production Service
Feedback