Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Post-Harvest Technological Advances and Ripening Techniques for Peach
Post-harvest handling and ripening techniques have an impact on peach quality and shelf life, which has a big impact on consumer satisfaction and market competitiveness.
  • 241
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Plant Toxins: Recombinant Production as Components of Immunotoxins
Plant toxins that target eukaryotic 28S ribosomal RNA (Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, RIPs), such as the catalytic (A) chain of ricin (a dimeric A-B toxin from Ricinus communis) and saporin (a single chain A toxin from Saponaria officinalis), have found widespread use in the construction of immunotoxins. Both these toxins depurinate ribosomal 28S RNA at a specific site (GAGA loop) inhibiting the binding of elongation factor 2 and blocking protein synthesis. Their high toxicity towards eukaryotic cells has thus justified their use as components of chimeric toxins in cancer treatment. A brief description of recombinant RIPs production is given.
  • 153
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Auxin Signaling by Smut Fungi during Plant Colonization
A common feature of many plant-colonizing organisms is the exploitation of plant signaling and developmental pathways to successfully establish and proliferate in their hosts. Auxins are central plant growth hormones, and their signaling is heavily interlinked with plant development and immunity responses. Smuts, as one of the largest groups in basidiomycetes, are biotrophic specialists that successfully manipulate their host plants and cause fascinating phenotypes in so far largely enigmatic ways. 
  • 161
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in MAFLD
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an increasingly common diseases in Western countries and has become the major cause of liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in addition to viral hepatitis in recent decades. Furthermore, studies have shown that NAFLD is inextricably linked to the development of extrahepatic diseases. In 2020, NAFLD was renamed metabolic dysfunction fatty liver disease (MAFLD) to show that its pathogenesis is closely related to metabolic disorders. And the interaction between mitochondrial dys-function and the liver–gut axis has also become a new point during the development of MAFLD.
  • 250
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Microorganisms and Climate Change
Climate variations directly impacts on the primary productive sectors, such as agriculture, forestry, livestock, and commercial fishing, which present the subsequent economic relevance. As a result, the effect of climate change has been widely discussed for years on flora and fauna. However, the aftermath evaluation over the worldwide microbiota is a challenging task poorly considered, up to date. In fact, most of these effects have yet to be quantified, but the proliferation and geographycally spread of pathogens of plants, animals, or humans are providing clues of the possible results. These microbial issues should be kept in mind and are the core of this entry.
  • 243
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Phenological Mapping of Invasive Insects
Phenological maps can depict the development and seasonal activities (phenology) of invasive insects at area-wide scales, such as counties, states, or entire nations. When regularly updated using real-time and forecast climate data, these maps may improve the timeliness of early detection and control tactics that target specific life stages. Rapid responses to invasive insects may increase the likelihood that populations are eradicated or controlled before they can spread or increase in size. Phenological maps may also be used to assess pest establishment risk, investigate pest–host interactions, and measure climate-driven changes in pest phenology.
  • 208
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Riboflavin + UV Light Pathogen Reduction Technology
Blood transfusions are essential in treating patients with anemia, blood loss, and other medical conditions. However, these lifesaving procedures can contribute to infectious disease transmission, particularly to vulnerable populations. New methods have been implemented on a global basis for the prevention of transfusion transmissions via plasma, platelets, and whole blood products. Implementing proactive pathogen reduction methods may reduce the likelihood of disease transmission via blood transfusions, even for newly emerging agents.
  • 289
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Role of Selenium in Redox Biology
Living organisms use selenium mainly in the form of selenocysteine in the active site of oxidoreductases. Here, selenium’s unique chemistry is believed to modulate the reaction mechanism and enhance the catalytic efficiency of specific enzymes in ways not achievable with a sulfur-containing cysteine. However, despite the fact that selenium/sulfur have different physicochemical properties, several selenoproteins have fully functional cysteine-containing homologues and some organisms do not use selenocysteine at all. 
  • 161
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Harvesting and Processing Techniques on Black Tea Quality
Tea (Camellia sinensis) has grown for over 300 years and is recognized worldwide as among other well-renowned crops. The quality of black tea depends on plucking (method, standard, season, and intervals), withering and rolling (time and temperature), fermentation (time, temperature, and RH), drying (temperature and method), and storage conditions, which have a high influence on the final quality of black tea. At the rolling stage, the oxidation process is initiated and ends at the early drying stage until the enzymes that transform tea polyphenols into thearubigins (TRs) and theaflavins (TFs) are denatured by heat. By increasing fermentation time, TRs increased, and TF decreased. Each is liable for black tea’s brightness, taste, and color. 
  • 477
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Green Microbes and the Production of Biodegradable Polymers
Research efforts have shifted to creating biodegradable polymers to offset the harmful environmental impacts associated with the accumulation of non-degradable synthetic polymers in the environment. A comprehensive examination of the role of green microbes in fostering sustainable bioproduction of these environment-friendly polymers is presented. Green microbes, primarily algae and cyanobacteria, have emerged as promising bio-factories due to their ability to capture carbon dioxide and utilize solar energy efficiently. The metabolic pathways harnessed for the synthesis of biopolymers such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and the potential for genetic engineering to augment their production yields are further discussed. Additionally, the techno-economic feasibility of using green microbes, challenges associated with the up-scaling of biopolymer production, and potential solutions are elaborated upon. With the twin goals of environmental protection and economic viability, green microbes pave the way for a sustainable polymer industry.
  • 147
  • 29 Dec 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 1746
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Video Production Service
Feedback