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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
The Impact of Climate Change on Egyptian Livestock
Egypt is one of the hottest countries in the world, and extreme climate events are becoming more frequent, which is consistent with the warming of the planet. The impact of this warming on ecosystems is severe, including on livestock production systems. Under Egyptian conditions, livestock already suffer heat stress periods in summer. The predicted increases in temperature as result of climate change will affect livestock production by reducing growth and milk production because of appetite suppression and conception rate reductions and will increase animal welfare concerns. In severe cases, these effects can result in death.
  • 2.0K
  • 05 Aug 2022
Topic Review
The Immune Mechanisms of Severe Equine Asthma
Severe equine asthma is a chronic respiratory disease of adult horses, occurring when genetically susceptible individuals are exposed to environmental respirable particles. This results in airway inflammation, mucus accumulation and bronchial constriction. Affected horses present with cough, nasal discharge and increased respiratory effort at rest. Although a complex diversity of genetic and immunological pathways contribute to the disease, these remain to be fully understood. 
  • 545
  • 08 Apr 2022
Topic Review
The Formation,Application and Significance of Chicken PGCs
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the precursors for ova and sperm. One of the early embryogenesis events in most animals is the segregation of the somatic and germ lineages. PGC cultures occur in the germline, and PGCs are less studied in many species. It is relatively challenging to separate, cultivate, and genetically alter chicken without mutating the basic germline.
  • 274
  • 04 Apr 2023
Topic Review
The Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Technique
Molecular cytogenetics, and particularly the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, allows a deeper investigation on the chromosomes of domestic animals to  perform various results such as (a) the physical map of DNA-sequences of specific chromosome regions; (b) the use of molecular markes to confirm or to correctly identify the chromosomes involved in chromosome abnormalities, (c) the detailed comparison between related and unrelated species by both FISH-mapping or Zoo-FISH; (d) the study of meiotic segregation, especially by sperm-FISH, in some chromosome abnormalities; (e) the establishment of genetic losses or gains occurring during the chromosome abnormalities by using the aCGH (array Comparative Genomic Hybridization).
  • 472
  • 27 Mar 2023
Topic Review
The Dog–Owner Relationship
The Cat/Dog–Owner Relationship Scale (C/DORS) is a questionnaire aimed to assess specific aspects of the pet–owner relationship. While the entire scale can be administered to both dog and cat owners, its validity and reliability have never been tested on dogs. Furthermore, validity and reliability of a scale may change depending on the respondents’ language and cultural background. Since the C/DORS was developed in English, we aimed to translate it into Italian and assess its validity and reliability on a sample of Italian dog owners. The response scale was modified to improve the variability of the owners’ responses. Overall, validity and reliability were good. The scale had the same three-factor structure (Perceived Emotional Closeness = PEC, Pet–Owner Interactions = POI, Perceived Costs = PC) reported for the original English version, although some items were removed because they did not fit the statistical model. The PEC subscale had the highest correlations with the subscales of the Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale. Finally, being a student owner was associated with higher PEC and POI scores. Conversely, owning a dog with behavioural problems was associated with lower PEC and higher PC. Owners whose dogs lived outdoors reported lower POI. Pet dog owners reported higher PEC than AAI dog owners.
  • 1.5K
  • 17 Aug 2021
Topic Review
The Antioxidant System of Poultry with a Focus on Methinonine
The physiological status of poultry can be disturbed by different stressors that may lead to oxidative stress conditions. Oxidative stress activates defense systems, which mitigates the adverse effects. Several lines of the poultry defense system exist, including enzyme systems such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as Glutathione (GSH). Methionine—a vital amino acid in poultry nutrition—plays a significant role in protein synthesis, transsulfuration, and transmethylation and is also involved in several biochemical pathway activations that can affect the antioxidant system.
  • 337
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Teaching Clinical Reasoning to Veterinary Medical Learners with a Case Example
Clinical reasoning is an essential competence of veterinary graduands. It is a complex competence with cognitive, metacognitive, social, and situational activities. The literature on clinical reasoning in veterinary medical education is relatively scarce or focused on theoretical rather than practical applications. In this review, we address the practicality of teaching clinical reasoning to veterinary learners utilizing a practical example of a cow with allergic rhinitis. Learners should be guided through all the domains of clinical reasoning, including concepts, data collection and analysis, take action, and reflection on an encounter. Each of these domains needs to be clearly but concisely explained and practiced repeatedly by learners throughout the veterinary curricula. The teaching of clinical reasoning should start as early in the curriculum as possible, preferably in the pre-clinical years, with a gradual scaffolding and building of complexity before work-based learning begins, with an increase in demanding for advanced clinical reasoning competence. The teaching of clinical reasoning is best performed in specialized sessions and continued as a horizontally and vertically integrated activity.
  • 341
  • 10 May 2024
Topic Review
Surface Proteins of Parasite Eimeria Species Infecting Chickens
Poultry is the first source of animal protein for human consumption. Chicken coccidiosis is a highly widespread enteric disease caused by Eimeria spp. which causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide; however, the impact on family poultry holders or backyard production—which plays a key role in food security and involves mainly rural women—has been little explored. Coccidiosis disease is controlled by good husbandry measures, chemoprophylaxis, and/or live vaccination. Current limitations on the use of live vaccines have led to research in next-generation vaccines based on recombinant or live-vectored vaccines. Next-generation vaccines are required to control this complex parasitic disease, and for this purpose, protective antigens need to be identified.
  • 342
  • 20 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Starter Cultures in Foods
Starter cultures can be defined as preparations with a large number of cells that include a single type or a mixture of two or more microorganisms that are added to foods in order to take advantage of the compounds or products derived from their metabolism or enzymatic activity.
  • 9.1K
  • 19 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Social Licence Concept in Equestrianism
The concept of ‘social licence to operate’ (SLO) is relevant to all animal-use activities. An SLO is an intangible, implicit agreement between the public and an industry/group. Its existence allows that industry/group to pursue its activities with minimal formalised restrictions because such activities have widespread societal approval. In contrast, the imposition of legal restrictions—or even an outright ban—reflect qualified or lack of public support for an activity. The aim herein is to discuss current threats to equestrianism’s SLO and suggest actions that those across the equine sector need to take to justify the continuation of the SLO. The most important of these is earning the trust of all stakeholders, including the public. Trust requires transparency of operations, establishment and communication of shared values, and demonstration of competence. These attributes can only be gained by taking an ethics-based, proactive, progressive, and holistic approach to the protection of equine welfare. Animal-use activities that have faced challenges to their SLO have achieved variable success in re-establishing the approval of society, and equestrianism can learn from the experience of these groups as it maps its future. The associated effort and cost should be regarded as an investment in the future of the sport.
  • 331
  • 08 Oct 2022
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