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Topic Review
Effects of Astaxanthin on Cognitive Function in Humans
Astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant, which has been outlined to be beneficial for cognitive function both in vitro and in vivo. Astaxanthin has been researched in relation to various facets of cognitive function in humans, including episodic memory (visual and verbal stimuli), working memory/short-term memory, processing speed, response inhibition, cognitive shifting, and attention.
  • 62
  • 27 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Galleria mellonella Immune System
The study of pathogenicity and virulence of fungal strains, in vivo in the preclinical phase, is carried out through the use of animal models belonging to various classes of mammals (rodents, leproids, etc.). Although animals are functionally more similar to humans, these studies have some limitations in terms of ethics (animal suffering), user-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, timing (physiological response time) and logistics (need for adequately equipped laboratories). A good in vivo model must possess some optimal characteristics to be used, such as rapid growth, small size and short life cycle. For this reason, insects, such as Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera), Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera) and Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera), have been widely used as alternative non-mammalian models. Due to their simplicity of use and low cost, the larvae of G. mellonella represent an optimal model above all to evaluate the virulence of fungal pathogens and the use of antifungal treatments (either single or in combination with biologically active compounds). A further advantage is also represented by their simple neuronal system limiting the suffering of the animal itself, their ability to survive at near-body ambient temperatures as well as the expression of proteins able to recognise combined pathogens following the three R principles (replacement, refinement and reduction). 
  • 50
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Solubility of Oxygen and Hydrogen in Water
Produced by photosynthesis, oxygen (O2) is a fundamentally important gas in biological systems, playing roles as a terminal electron receptor in respiration and in host defence through the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hydrogen (H2) plays a role in metabolism for some organisms, such as at thermal vents and in the gut environment, but has a role in controlling growth and development, and in disease states, both in plants and animals.
  • 107
  • 28 Feb 2024
Biography
Kadir Mısıroğlu
Kadir Mısıroğlu (24 January 1933 – 5 May 2019) was a Turkish lawyer, publisher, writer, and historian.[1][2][3] [4][5] He is known for his outspoken stance against Atatürk's reforms and Kemalism.[6][7] Mısıroğlu was born in Akçaabat in the Trabzon Province and enrolled in the Istanbul University Faculty of Law in 1954.[8] He was active during his university years where he became the
  • 1.3K
  • 21 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Exosomes-Mediated Signaling Pathway for Organ Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Treatment
Ischemia reperfusion (I/R) is a common pathological process which occurs mostly in organs like the heart, brain, kidney, and lung. The injury caused by I/R gradually becomes one of the main causes of fatal diseases, which is an urgent clinical problem to be solved. Although great progress has been made in therapeutic methods, including surgical, drug, gene therapy, and transplant therapy for I/R injury, the development of effective methods to cure the injury remains a worldwide challenge. 
  • 81
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Gel-Based Membranes
Gel-based membranes, a fusion of polymer networks and liquid components, have emerged as versatile tools in a variety of technological domains thanks to their unique structural and functional attributes. Historically rooted in basic filtration tasks, advancements in synthetic strategies have increased the mechanical strength, selectivity, and longevity of these membranes.
  • 76
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Develop a PluriZyme
Protein engineering is the design and modification of protein structures to optimize their functions or create novel functionalities for applications in biotechnology, medicine or industry. It represents an essential scientific solution for many of the environmental and societal challenges ahead of us, such as polymer degradation. Unlike traditional chemical methods, enzyme-mediated degradation is selective and environmentally friendly and requires milder conditions. Computational methods will play a critical role in developing such solutions by enabling more efficient bioprospecting of natural polymer-degrading enzymes. 
  • 126
  • 12 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Ayahuasca and Ibogaine
Ayahuasca is a traditional tea used by indigenous peoples from the Amazon basin, notably in Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia, for medical and mystical-religious purposes. Ibogaine is one of several alkaloids present in the iboga shrub (Tabernanthe iboga), a plant native to Central Africa that has been traditionally used for centuries in traditional medicine by people in countries like Gabon and Cameroon. Iboga is used by members of the Bwiti religion in initiation and religious rituals, usually by chewing or scraping the bark of its roots, and, at lower doses, its consumption is believed to have stimulating properties, used to mitigate sensations of fatigue, thirst, and hunger.
  • 132
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Kynurenine Pathway
Tryptophan metabolism plays an essential role in human health. In mammals, about 95% of dietary tryptophan is metabolized through the kynurenine pathway, which is associated with the development of several pathologies, including neurodegeneration. Some of the kynurenine pathway metabolites are agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor involved in metabolic functions, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. 
  • 155
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Low Dose Rate Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer
Low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy was introduced to treat prostate cancer (PCa). Since then, it has been widely applied worldwide, including in East Asia. LDR brachytherapy has been performed in 88 institutes in Japan. Beneficial clinical outcomes of LDR brachytherapy for intermediate-to-high-risk PCa have been demonstrated in large clinical trials.
  • 136
  • 22 Nov 2023
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