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Topic Review
Nanomaterials as a Sustainable Choice for Treating Wastewater
The removal of dyes from textile effluents utilizing advanced wastewater treatment methods with high efficiency and low cost has received substantial attention due to the rise in pollutants in water. For the purpose of treating sewage, the special properties of nanoparticles are being carefully researched. The ability of nanomaterials to remove organic matter, fungus, and viruses from wastewater is another benefit. Nanomaterials are employed in advanced oxidation techniques to clean wastewater. Additionally, because of their small dimensions, nanoparticles have a wide effective area of contact. Due to this, nanoparticles’ adsorption and reactivity are powerful. The improvement of nanomaterial technology will be beneficial for the treatment of wastewater. 
  • 692
  • 14 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Nanoparticle Mechanisms for the Removal of Metals
Different natural and anthropogenic global events and activities such as urban settlements and industrial development have led to a build-up of numerous pollutants in the environment, creating problems for nature and human health. Metal(loid)s are defined as elements with a density of more than 4–5 g/cm3 that are toxic to humans even at low levels.
  • 697
  • 21 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Nanoparticle Number Concentration
The entry analyzes suspended particles number concentrations of 61 size fractions (184 nm to 17,165 nm) in the air at a traffic location. The average course of the individual fractions was analyzed at various intervals – daily, weekly, monthly and annually, in the period between 2017 and 2019. The data was then used to calculate the arithmetic mean for all the fractions (MS Excel, R) and then using a proprietary web application, heatmaps were constructed. The obtained results showed significant differences in both the annual and daily variation of number concentrations between the individual fractions differing in particle size. In the case of the annual variation, one can see a greater variability of smaller particles, which is most likely due to the source of the actual suspended particles. Meteorological and dispersion conditions are found as important factors for suspended particle concentrations. These can lead to significant differences from year to year. However, a comparison between 2018 and 2019 showed that even though the average absolute number concentrations can differ between years, the actual relative number concentrations, i.e. the ratios between the individual fractions remain very similar. In conclusion it can be said that the difference between the number concentration variation of the size fractions depends on both the actual pollution sources (especially in the long-term, i.e. the annual variation) and the actual size of the particles, which plays a role especially in the short-term (daily, weekly variation).
  • 706
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Nanoparticles and Their Role in Heavy Metal Bioremediation
Physical and chemical techniques are used to remove heavy metals (HMs) from contaminated soil. Microbial-metal interaction, a novel but underutilized strategy, might be used to lessen the stress caused by metals on plants. For reclaiming areas with high levels of heavy metal contamination, bioremediation is effective and environmentally friendly. Nanotechnology greatly improves the process of bioremediation, and its application in heavy metal bioremediation.
  • 617
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Nanoremediation Technologies
Nanoremediation technologies involve the use of reactive NPs for the conversion and detoxification of contaminants. The main mechanisms for remediation by NPs are catalysis and chemical reduction. In addition, adsorption is another removal mechanism facilitated by the NPs since NPs have high surface-area-to-mass ratios and different distribution of active sites, increasing the adsorption ability.
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) as a kind of emerging remedial material is used for contaminated soil, which can quickly and effectively degrade and remove pollutants such as organic halides, nitrates and heavy metals in soil, respectively.
  • 524
  • 30 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Nanostructured Metal Oxide-Based Acetone Gas Sensors
Acetone is a well-known volatile organic compound that is widely used in different industrial and domestic areas. However, it can have dangerous effects on human life and health. Thus, the realization of sensitive and selective sensors for recognition of acetone is highly important. Among different gas sensors, resistive gas sensors based on nanostructured metal oxide with high surface area, have been widely reported for successful detection of acetone gas, owing to their high sensitivity, fast dynamics, high stability, and low price. 
  • 373
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Nanotechnological Approaches for Removal of Persistent Organic Pollutants
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a group of hazardous chemical compounds that originate from anthropogenic activities during production, utilization, and disposal. They can impact living beings and the environment adversely because of their ease of transportation by wind and water. The level of hazardous persistent organic pollutants is increasing every day in the environment.
  • 1.3K
  • 02 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Narrow- versus Wide-Ranged Ostrya Species
Four sympatric Ostrya species have different geographic range sizes. O. multinervis and O. rehderiana are narrow-ranged species with narrow potential geographical distributions. O. japonica and O. trichocarpa, both of which have wide potential geographical distributions, are wide-ranged species.
  • 712
  • 25 Oct 2021
Topic Review
NASA Micropulse Lidar Rain Algorithm
Precipitation modifies atmospheric column thermodynamics through the process of evaporation and serves as a proxy for latent heat modulation. For this reason, a correct precipitation parameterization (especially for low-intensity precipitation) within global scale models is crucial. In addition to improving our modeling of the hydrological cycle, this will reduce the associated uncertainty of global climate models in correctly forecasting future scenarios, and will enable the application of mitigation strategies. In this study we present a proof of concept algorithm to automatically detect precipitation from lidar measurements obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Micropulse lidar network (MPLNET). 
  • 923
  • 09 Feb 2021
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