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Topic Review
Application of Hydroxyapatite in Environmental Protection
Hydroxyapatite is, first of all, a natural occurring mineral. As such, the use of natural-derived hydroxyapatite (HAP) is encountered in several published works. The environmental application of such materials is briefly presented. 
  • 368
  • 20 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Application of Machine Learning for Runoff Prediction
Water resource modeling is an important means of studying the distribution, change, utilization, and management of water resources. By establishing various models, water resources can be quantitatively described and predicted, providing a scientific basis for water resource management, protection, and planning. Traditional hydrological observation methods, often reliant on experience and statistical methods, are time-consuming and labor-intensive, frequently resulting in predictions of limited accuracy. However, machine learning technologies enhance the efficiency and sustainability of water resource modeling by analyzing extensive hydrogeological data, thereby improving predictions and optimizing water resource utilization and allocation.
  • 203
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Application of MCDA to Rural Spatial Sustainability Evaluation
The rational allocation of spatial resources is an important factor to ensure the sustainable development of rural areas, and effective pre-emptive spatial evaluation is the prerequisite for identifying the predicament of rural resource allocation. Multi-criteria decision-making analysis has advantages in solving multi-attribute and multi-objective decision-making problems, and has been used in sustainability evaluation research in various disciplines in recent years. 
  • 523
  • 05 Jul 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Application of Mobile Operators’ Data in Modern Geographical Research
Mobile operators’ data are one type of Big Data. These are any data about events related to the use of a mobile phone. These data include subscriber identifiers and associated time and location attributes. Big Data in general usually includes datasets with sizes beyond the ability of commonly used software tools to capture, curate, manage, and process data within a tolerable elapsed time. Big Data can be described by the following key characteristics: volume, variety, velocity, veracity, value, variability etc. Mobile operators’ data are supplied by the Mobile Network Operators. The main distinguishing features of the operator are, firstly, the possession of a state license to use the radio frequency spectrum, and, secondly, the possession or control over the elements of the network infrastructure necessary to provide services to subscribers in the authorized radio frequency spectrum. The smallest structural territorial element for cellular communication systems is a cell; its dimensions can be different (250 by 250 m, 500 by 500 m, etc.).
  • 348
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Application of Nanomaterials in Enhanced Oil Recovery
The implementation of nanoparticles in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques is a novel method that has proven to increase the recovery of oil in place more than conventional EOR processes in most cases. The main aim of integrating nanoparticles in EOR methods is to boost the performance of each EOR technique by enhancing one or more parameters or mechanisms related to the recovery method. Sometimes, adding nanoparticles to the EOR method might reduce oil recovery due to porosity reduction, injection blockage, aggregation, and settling problems. The utilization of nanomaterials in several EOR applications comes with many benefits, such as IFT reduction, wettability alteration, and mobility improvement.
  • 828
  • 02 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Application of Non-Thermal Plasma over Zeolite-Based Materials
 Zeolite based materials are widely used as adsorbents and catalysts for purifying air pollutants (such as NO) and VOCs due to rich pore structure, regular pore distribution and numerous ion exchange sites. Heat treatment is a necessary procedure to remove impurities in pores and promote the uniform dispersion of metal active substances, and then zeolite based adsorbent/catalyst is used to purify nox/volatile organic compounds. However, the traditional thermal field treatment (i.e. high temperature calcination, high temperature purging, etc.) requires a lot of energy consumption. In contrast, non thermal plasma and other unconventional external field treatments show significant advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption and low pollution, and are used to replace traditional heat treatment in many fields. 
  • 206
  • 01 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Application of Porous Materials for CO2 Reutilization
This entry describes the application of porous materials  in solar thermochemical reduction technologies.
  • 749
  • 30 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Application of the IoT in Disaster Risk Management
Taiwan is in a hazard-exposed area where people often suffer through typhoons, earthquakes, and landslides, and must face the challenges of environmental and climate changes in ongoing and future developments. Taiwan has implemented an integrated and interdisciplinary project, which is titled Civil IoT Taiwan, for better disaster risk management and risk communication with all stakeholders by cooperating closely with authorities, scientists, and industry. 
  • 1.8K
  • 30 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Application of UAV Photogrammetry in Mining Areas
The geological environmental damage caused by coal mining has become a hot issue in current research. Especially in the western mining area, the size of the mining working face is large, the mining intensity is high, while the surface movement and deformation are more intense and wider. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively monitor the surface using appropriate means and carrying out research on the overlying strata structure of the stope.
  • 258
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Application of Vegetation Indices beyond Vegetation Monitoring
Vegetation indices (VIs) have long been a crucial tool for monitoring plant growth and health, assessing the impact of environmental factors on vegetation, and supporting decision-making processes in agriculture and forestry. Traditionally, these mathematical formulations, leveraging the spectral response of plants to sunlight, have been instrumental in assessing vegetation health. However, emerging research suggests some unconventional applications that extend the scope of VIs.
  • 306
  • 08 Aug 2023
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