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Topic Review
Coastal Assessment and MAM of Sea Level Rise
Sea level rise (SLR) is one of the most pressing challenges of climate change and has drawn noticeable research interest. Factors induced by global climate change, such as temperature increase, have resulted in both direct and indirect changes in sea levels at different spatial scales. Various climatic and non-climatic events contribute to sea level changes, posing risks to coastal and low-lying areas. Nevertheless, changes in sea level are not uniformly distributed globally due to several regional factors such as wave actions, storm surge frequencies, and tectonic land movement. The high exposure to those factors increases the vulnerability of subjected areas to SLR impacts. The impacts of events induced by climate change and SLR are reflected in biophysical, socioeconomic, and environmental aspects. Different indicator-based and model-based approaches are used to assess coastal areas’ vulnerabilities, response to impacts, and implementation of adaptation and mitigation measures. Various studies have been conducted to project future SLR impacts and evaluate implemented protection and adaptation approaches, aiding policymakers in planning effective adaptation and mitigation measures to reduce damage.
  • 277
  • 07 Mar 2024
Topic Review
The Impact of Bitcoin on the Environment
While blockchain and distributed ledger technology offer immense potential for applications in transparency, security, efficiency, censorship resistance, and more, they have been criticized due to the energy-intensive nature of the proof of work consensus algorithm, particularly in the context of Bitcoin mining. Bitcoin’s environmental impact has been portrayed in comparison to countries (Netherlands, Ireland, Argentina) and to industries (steel, aluminum, gold, banking, Christmas lights, aviation, tumble dryers, and even the global monetary system). The former is usually preferred by critics, as it gives a sense of the scale of Bitcoin energy consumption. In contrast, the latter is usually preferred by advocates, who highlight that many industries surpass individual countries in energy consumption and this is not usually seen as a problem. Bitcoin’s environmental impact are not confined to GHG emissions but also encompass issues such as e-waste and noise pollution.
  • 276
  • 25 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Biobutanol Production from Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol Fermentation
Butanol fermentation, also known as acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation, refers to the synthesis of butanol by butanol-producing strains using starch crops or sugars as raw materials under strict anaerobic conditions while generating byproducts of acetone and ethanol.
  • 276
  • 19 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Lebanese Landscape Sustainability Assessment
In the absence of a holistic view of landscape sustainability, credible data and consistent information are needed to help decision-making and support adaptive landscape management. This course of events highlights a strong need for a tool (system of standards and controls) that can be used by multiple stakeholders (such as NGOs, public authorities, cooperatives, associations, higher education institutes, etc.) to analyze the state and sustainability of landscapes, predict any impact of new projects on the landscape, and develop urban and peri-urban planning policies.  However, while consolidated tools of assessment exist, they exhibit complexity in their references. Existing assessment tools also lack specificity and are primarily limited to qualitative approaches. Although large sets of indicators are available and can be adopted, it is crucial to select a new set of non-conventional indicators that provide a holistic view of the various dimensions of the landscape.
  • 276
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Driving the Ecological Transition of Agriculture
Human population growth has resulted in increased food consumption, followed by agrifood production intensification. Human activities have a significant impact on the environment, causing, among other things, air and water pollution and biodiversity degradation. In an international context where there is strong concern about environmental issues, it is also necessary to direct food production towards more sustainable models. 
  • 276
  • 14 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Pretreatment Techniques for Free Nucleic Acids in WS
Pathogenic detection in wastewater samples (WS) plays a key role in safeguarding public health and the environment. Accurate pathogenic detection is not only essential for preventing the spread of waterborne diseases, but also for preserving the ecological integrity of natural water bodies. It is also vital to monitor and detect pathogens in wastewater samples for assessing the effectiveness of wastewater treatment processes, which will help in determining the sufficiency of treatment facilities in eliminating pathogens before discharging treated wastewater into the environment. Pathogenic detection in wastewater can serve as an early warning system for potential disease outbreaks. By monitoring the presence of specific pathogens in wastewater, proactive measures can be taken to protect public health and mitigate the spread of diseases.
  • 274
  • 04 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Application of Coastal-Area Morphodynamic Models
Human activity has become an important force in coastal and estuarine morphological changes. Understanding the morphodynamic impact of these human activities has attracted the attention of scientists as well as coastal and estuarine managers. From the perspective of ecosystem conservation and restoration, scientists and managers require modelling approaches to assess and predict the impact of anthropogenic activities on coastal and estuarine morphogenetic evolution.
  • 273
  • 19 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Low-Carbon Logistics Capability
It is crucial to figure out how to achieve sustainable economic growth while fostering the growth of the logistics sector and the economy by expanding low-carbon logistics capability. The term "low-carbon logistics capacity" refers to a logistics operation's capacity to achieve sustainable development in the context of the needs of the low-carbon economy. Research and development capacity, economic development, energy consumption, and other considerations, have an impact on low-carbon logistics capability. Enhancing low-carbon logistics capability does not imply that the logistics sector should cut energy use and pursue a zealous reduction in carbon emissions; rather, it aims to improve the sector's energy use efficiency.
  • 273
  • 24 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Specific Sensors in Downwind Fire and Smoke Detection
Wildfires have played an increasing role in wreaking havoc on communities, livelihoods, and ecosystems globally, often starting in remote regions and rapidly spreading into inhabited areas where they become difficult to suppress due to their size and unpredictability. In sparsely populated remote regions where freshly ignited fires can propagate unimpeded, the need for distributed fire detection capabilities has become increasingly urgent.
  • 272
  • 27 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Low-Cost Computer-Vision-Based Embedded Systems for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are versatile, adapting hardware and software for research. They are vital for remote monitoring, especially in challenging settings such as volcano observation with limited access. In response, economical computer vision systems provide a remedy by processing data, boosting UAV autonomy, and assisting in maneuvering. Through the application of these technologies, researchers can effectively monitor remote areas, thus improving surveillance capabilities. Moreover, flight controllers employ onboard tools to gather data, further enhancing UAV navigation during surveillance tasks. 
  • 272
  • 14 Nov 2023
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