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Topic Review
Supporting Insect Pollinators in Cities
Pollinators are responsible for the reproduction of many plant and crop species and provide important diversity for food webs and cultural value. Despite the critical ecosystem services provided by pollinators, rapid pollinator declines are occurring in response to anthropogenic activities that cause the loss of suitable habitat. There is an opportunity for urban green space to support pollination ecosystem services locally and across the landscape.
  • 278
  • 19 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Groundwater Management Policies and Caplina Aquifer, Atacama Desert
Groundwater constitutes one of the main sources used to satisfy the water demands of the different users located in a basin. Groundwater pumping rates in many cases exceed natural recharge, resulting in the overexploitation of aquifers and the deterioration of water quality. Consequently, many aquifer systems in the world have applied and adapted policies to manage the use of groundwater. The conditions of the groundwater of the Caplina aquifer are not sustainable, and likewise, public policies are not effective for reversing this situation. This leads the aquifer system to a situation in which there is a quality degradation of the water, to a point that may be irreversible.
  • 278
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
A Sub-Second Method for SAR Image Registration
For Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image registration, successive processes following feature extraction are required by both the traditional feature-based method and the deep learning method. Among these processes, the feature matching process—whose time and space complexity are related to the number of feature points extracted from sensed and reference images, as well as the dimension of feature descriptors—proves to be particularly time consuming. Additionally, the successive processes introduce data sharing and memory occupancy issues, requiring an elaborate design to prevent memory leaks.
  • 278
  • 24 Oct 2023
Topic Review
UN-SPIDER
UN-SPIDER ("United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response") is a platform which facilitates the use of space-based technologies for disaster management and emergency response. It is a programme under the auspices of the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA).
  • 277
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Societal Benefit Areas
The Societal Benefit Areas (SBAs) are eight environmental fields of interest, all of which relate to climate, around which the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) project is exerting its efforts. These include: Biodiversity and Ecosystem Sustainability, Disaster Resilience, Energy and Mineral Resources Management, Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture, Infrastructure and Transport Management, Public Health Surveillance, Sustainable Urban Development, and Water Resources Management around which a preliminary hierarchical vocabulary has been created. One of the aims of GEOSS is to implement a proper system of Earth monitoring and to render information deriving from this process available to a global range of users. Currently, the hierarchical vocabulary structuring these societal benefit categories and their subcategories are available only in English. However, translations have been created for French, Spanish and Italian versions by Claudia Cialone and Kristin Stock of the Centre for Geospatial Science (CGS) at the University of Nottingham, UK, with input from a number of people from the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) in Italy, the University of Zaragoza and the European Union Joint Research Centre (JRC). Translations have also been accomplished for a Slovenian version of the SBAs by the Biotehnical faculty of the University of Ljubljana, SI.
  • 277
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
The Effect of Biochar on Soil Properties
Biochar, a product of biomass pyrolysis, is recognized for its positive effects on soil fertility and carbon sequestration. Biochar acts as a soil conditioner, improving physical, chemical, and biological properties and enhancing soil fertility and crop yield. Furthermore, it aids in mitigating climate change by sequestering carbon dioxide. However, the long-term behavior of biochar and its interactions with various factors require further field research for optimal utilization, as the aging process of biochar in soil is complex, involving physical, chemical, and biological interactions that influence its impact on the agroecosystem.
  • 277
  • 24 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Aircraft Based on Regional Scene Perception
Scene matching plays a vital role in the visual positioning of aircraft. The position and orientation of aircraft can be determined by comparing acquired real-time imagery with reference imagery. To enhance precise scene matching during flight, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the reference imagery’s matchability beforehand. Conventional approaches to image matchability analysis rely heavily on features that are manually designed.
  • 277
  • 17 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Carbon Reduction and Pollution Control Effect of IIG
The coordinated promotion of pollution control and carbon reduction is intended to build a more beautiful China. Intelligent industrial technology plays an important role in the fight against climate change and in improving the ecological environment. Based on panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2020, researchers used a two-way fixed effects model to evaluate the synergistic effects of industrial intelligent transformation on pollution control and carbon reduction and its mechanisms.
  • 277
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Past Developments of Carpathian Forests
The Carpathians are the second largest mountain range in Europe and provide multiple ecosystem services of enormous regional importance. The Carpathians belong to seven Central and Eastern European countries (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Ukraine, Romania, and Serbia), whose share of forest land is among the lowest in Europe (27%). With a total area of 9.92 million hectares, Carpathian forests constitute over 70% of the total forested land in Slovakia and Romania, with Romania alone harboring more than 45% of all Carpathian forests. Most of the Carpathian forests are dominated by European beech (Fagus sylvatica), Norway spruce (Picea abies), oak (Quercus robur, Quercus petraea), and silver fir (Abies alba) stands, covering over 70% of the altitudinal range (with the highest point being Gerlachovský štít, 2655 m a.s.l., in the Slovakian Tatra Mountains). The Carpathian Mountains were characterized in terms of their forests in the period starting from Holocene deglaciation. Climate fluctuations and human activities have led to substantial changes in forest systems, and anthropogenic activities, such as logging, fire activities, and grazing, have shaped the distribution and structure of present-day Carpathian forests. The rapid climate change in recent decades adds uncertainty to the future development of these forest systems.
  • 277
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Coastal Assessment and MAM of Sea Level Rise
Sea level rise (SLR) is one of the most pressing challenges of climate change and has drawn noticeable research interest. Factors induced by global climate change, such as temperature increase, have resulted in both direct and indirect changes in sea levels at different spatial scales. Various climatic and non-climatic events contribute to sea level changes, posing risks to coastal and low-lying areas. Nevertheless, changes in sea level are not uniformly distributed globally due to several regional factors such as wave actions, storm surge frequencies, and tectonic land movement. The high exposure to those factors increases the vulnerability of subjected areas to SLR impacts. The impacts of events induced by climate change and SLR are reflected in biophysical, socioeconomic, and environmental aspects. Different indicator-based and model-based approaches are used to assess coastal areas’ vulnerabilities, response to impacts, and implementation of adaptation and mitigation measures. Various studies have been conducted to project future SLR impacts and evaluate implemented protection and adaptation approaches, aiding policymakers in planning effective adaptation and mitigation measures to reduce damage.
  • 277
  • 07 Mar 2024
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