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Topic Review
Interspecies Electron Transfer in Anaerobic Methanogenic System
Anaerobic methanogenesis plays an important role in the sustainable management of high concentration organic wastewater and bioenergy recovery. Interspecies electron transfer (IET) is a new type of mutualistic symbiosis that can accelerate microbial metabolism and overcome thermodynamic barriers in the metabolic process, thus facilitating anaerobic methanogenesis. IET is classified into Direct Interspecies Electron Transfer (DIET) and Mediated Interspecies Electron Transfer (MIET) according to the different electron transfer methods.
  • 498
  • 30 May 2023
Topic Review
Haloarchaea
Haloarchaea has the capability of producing significant concentrations of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), and polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV) when growing under a specific nutritional status. The growth of those microorganisms at the pilot or industrial scale offers several advantages compared to that of other microbes that are bioplastic producers.
  • 497
  • 04 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Acyl-Homoserine Lactones Improve Growth of Ginseng Seedlings
Panax ginseng is a well-known medicinal plant that achieves strong resistance against plant pathogens while growing in the wild. Due to the high market demand for ginseng as a health food source, ginseng cultivation is prevalent in South Korea. However, continuous monocropping creates problems like irregular growth or vulnerability to crop diseases. Quorum sensing (QS) deals with the intracellular communication of bacteria and plays a role in dynamic changes in the soil microbiome. Here, we investigated how acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) signaling molecules in QS (C8, C10, and C12) improve plant growth and induce shifts in the soil microbiome. To assess the effects, we recorded root and shoot growth of ginseng seedlings and checked the changes in the soil microbiome during different time points (0, 2, 4, and 8) after 8 weeks of growth. We observed that soils treated with N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C10) showed the most pronounced effects. Very striking was that C10 had the lowest alpha diversity. Using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt2), we observed a high number of QS-related functional genes, with the highest count occurring in the untreated planted soil (W). Together with the known direct and beneficial effects of AHLs on plant development, AHLs treated mono-cropped soil showed trends in the microbiome community. 
  • 497
  • 10 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Plant Litter and Litter Carbon
Investigations on the budget of plant litter and litter carbon in forest streams can provide a key scientific basis for understanding the biogeochemical linkages of terrestrial–aquatic ecosystems and managing forest catchments.
  • 497
  • 23 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Freshwater Inflow
Environmental flows can be broken down into instream flow, freshwater inflow, and outflow, as shown in the depiction below. Instream flow is the freshwater water flowing in rivers or streams. Freshwater inflow is the freshwater that flows into an estuary. Outflow is the flow from an estuary to the ocean. This article's focus is upon freshwater inflow.
  • 497
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Criteria Air Pollutants
Criteria air Pollutants (CAP), or criteria pollutants, are a set of air pollutants that cause smog, acid rain, and other health hazards. CAPs are typically emitted from many sources in industry, mining, transportation, electricity generation and agriculture. In many cases they are the products of the combustion of fossil fuels or industrial processes.
  • 496
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Environmental Levels of Polychlorinated Diphenyl Ethers
Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs) are a class of synthetic halogenated aromatic compounds, which have gradually attracted widespread attention due to potential environmental risks to humans and ecosystems.
  • 496
  • 18 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Sustainability Standards and Ecolabeling in the Textile Industry
The textile and fashion industry is a major polluter, contributing significantly to the pollution of water and air and producing solid waste. Textile manufacturing occurs in many steps, such as pretreatment, dyeing, and finishing; involves the use of several harmful chemicals that generate a significant amount of toxic waste and greenhouse gases; and consumes a large amount of water.
  • 496
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Geochemical Analysis with Laser Mass Spectrometer
Laser ablation/ionisation mass spectrometer (named LMS) demonstrated its high performance for the chemical analysis of micrometre-sized objects, such as mineralogical grains, layers, biologically relevant films and microscopic fossils.
  • 495
  • 23 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation
The Northern Cheyenne Tribe of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation (Template:Lang-chy; formerly named the Tongue River) is the federally recognized Northern Cheyenne tribe. Located in southeastern Montana, the reservation is approximately 690 square miles (1,800 km2) in size and home to approximately 5,000 Cheyenne people. The tribal and government headquarters are located in Lame Deer, also the home of the annual Northern Cheyenne pow wow. The reservation is bounded on the east by the Tongue River and on the west by the Crow Reservation. There are small parcels of non-contiguous off-reservation trust lands in Meade County, South Dakota, northeast of the city of Sturgis. Its timbered ridges that extend into northwestern South Dakota are part of Custer National Forest and it is approximately 40 miles (64 km) east of the site of the 1876 Battle of the Little Bighorn. According to tribal enrollment figures as of March 2013, there were approximately 10,050 enrolled tribal members, of which about 4,939 were residing on the reservation,Template:Full short with approximately 91% of the population Native American (full or part blood quantum) and 72.8% identifying as Cheyenne. Slightly more than a quarter of the population five years or older spoke a language other than English. Members of the Crow Nation also live on the reservation.
  • 495
  • 23 Nov 2022
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