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Topic Review
Biography
Topic Review
Sustainable Consumption and Circular Economy
Sustainable consumption is a key concept in society and the environment due to its direct relationship with sustainable development; its importance lies in the decoupling of consumption and economic growth with environmental damage and its involvement with various behavioral disciplines and ecological concepts.
668
01 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Digital Currency
Digital currency has disrupted the financial industry since 2008 with its ability to offer peer-to-peer, faster, cheaper, more secure, more convenient, and efficient payment systems that can outpace traditional banking systems. Today, digital currencies are recognized as alternative methods of currency exchange and are used in many financial transactions, with people using digital currencies for profitable investment.
668
27 May 2022
Topic Review
Consequences of Geopolitics and COVID-19 on Economic Performance
The COVID-19 crisis and the war between Russia and Ukraine affects the world economy badly. The western countries’ economic sanctions on Russia and the Russian government’s reverse sanctions on western countries create pressure on the world economy. Countries over the world registered less economic growth, high inflation rate, and high government debt in 2022 compared to the fiscal period of 2019–2021. The emerging economies and developing countries of Europe were badly affected by the crisis as the level of inflation rate hit 27 percent and the economic growth of the region registered a negative 2.9 percent. It also found rising interest rates, exchange rate volatility, risk of stagflation, and rising energy prices are the short-term risks to economies. The issue of sustainable development goals and green aspects, risk of hyperinflation, and risk of economic recession are the long-term strategic challenges or risks to economies. Bailout and debt relief were found to be necessary for those countries badly affected by the crisis. Policymakers should facilitate financial policies and should switch from general assistance to targeted support of viable enterprises.
666
11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Start-Up Accelerators and Their Impact on Sustainability
Start-up accelerators are units supporting entrepreneurs (substantively, financially, legally, and organizationally) in establishing and running young and innovative companies such as start-ups. The commencing energy crisis has led to the need for energy savings, as well as the need to change energy policies and implement energy transformation, creating a wide field for start-ups and start-up accelerators. Making full use of potentially innovative solutions developed by start-ups is, in turn, essential for energy giants and related accelerators in the market.
665
07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Trends of Electronic Marketing
Electronic marketing (eM) is a mechanism to convey knowledge about a product by the medium of the internet. Electronic marketing remains a developing system which provides such a terrace, which made it possible to run all types of electronic promotions through internet-oriented technologies.
665
28 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Qualifying Investor Alternative Investment Fund (QIAIF)
Qualifying Investor Alternative Investment Fund or QIAIF is a Central Bank of Ireland regulatory classification established in 2013 for Ireland's five tax-free legal structures for holding assets. The Irish Collective Asset-management Vehicle or ICAV is the most popular of the five Irish QIAIF structures, and was designed in 2014 to rival the Cayman Island SPC; it is the main tax-free structure for foreign investors holding Irish assets. In 2018, the Central Bank of Ireland expanded the Loan Originating QIAIF or L–QIAIF regime which enables the five tax-free structures to be used for closed-end debt instruments. The L–QIAIF is Ireland's main Debt–based BEPS tool as it overcomes the lack of confidentiality and tax secrecy of the Section 110 SPV. It is asserted that many assets in QIAIFs and LQIAIFs are Irish assets being shielded from Irish taxation. Irish QIAIFs and LQIAIFs can be integrated with Irish corporate base erosion and profit shifting ("BEPS") tax tools to create confidential routes out of the Irish tax system to Ireland's main Sink OFC, Luxembourg. In March 2019, the UN identified Ireland's "preferential tax regimes" for foreign funds on Irish assets as affecting the human rights of tenants in Ireland.
665
10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Workplace and Employee Engagement
Workplace and employee engagement are closely related. Workplace might be a hybrid one, i.e., home, office, and third places. For more than a decade, the physical workplace has been perceived as a ‘business tool’ designed for a financial return far greater than the initial investment. However, a ‘work environment’ in employee engagement studies (e.g., organisational psychology, human resources, and management) is usually defined as a social environment rather than a physical one.
664
03 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Institutional Theory and International Construction Market
International construction market is heavily affected by institutional factors. A variety of clues show that institutional factors have a complex impact on contractors’ IMS. This entry extensively collects institutional factors predicted to impact contractors’ IMS by literature review, selects 10 specific institutional factors from different perspectives, theoretically deduces their effects on contractor’s IMS, and takes international Chinese contractors’ IMS practice as the empirical research material and collects data for logistic regression analysis to test the assumptions.
662
17 May 2022
Topic Review
Caster
A caster (also known as castor according to some dictionaries) is a wheeled device typically mounted to a larger object that enables relatively easy rolling movement of the object. Casters are essentially housings, that include a wheel and a mounting to install the caster to objects (equipment, apparatus and more). Casters are found virtually everywhere, from office desk chairs to shipyards, and from hospital beds to automotive factories. They range in size from the very small furniture casters to massive industrial casters, and individual load capacities span 100 pounds (45 kg) or less to 100,000 pounds (45 t). Wheel materials include cast iron, plastic, rubber, polyurethane, polyolefin, nylon, thermoplastic rubber, forged steel, stainless steel, aluminum, and more.
660
25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Multidimensional Aspect of Corporate Entrepreneurship in Family Business
Corporate entrepreneurship (CE) research in family businesses or SMEs is sparse in Scopus-indexed journals. A thorough discussion is presented that touches on actors, variables consisting of behaviors and activities, and outcomes in the form of financial and non-financial performance.
660
28 Feb 2022
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