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Topic Review
Workers’ Right to Access Restroom
Workers' right to access restroom refers to the rights of employees to take a break when they need to use the bathroom. The right to access a bathroom is a basic human need. Unless both the employee and employer agree to compensate the employee on rest breaks an employer cannot take away the worker's right to access a restroom while working. There is limited information on the rights workers have to access bathrooms among the world's legal systems. The law is not clear in New Zealand, United Kingdom , or the United States of America as to the amount of time a worker is entitled to use a restroom while working. Nor is there clarification on what constitutes a 'reasonable' amount of access to a restroom. Consequently, the lack of access to toilet facilities has become a health issue for many workers. Issues around workplace allowance to use a restroom has given light on issues such as workers having to ask permission to use a toilet and some workers having their pay deducted for the mere human right of using a bathroom when they need to.
  • 1.5K
  • 30 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Mastercard Foundation
Mastercard Foundation is a global foundation established by Mastercard in 2006. Since its creation, the Foundation has partnered with a number of worldwide Non-governmental organizations and core partners aiming to ameliorate financial life, primarily in the Global South. Its objective is to use a $2 billion endowment on Microfinance programs. With these programs, the Foundation's goal is to make global economics more accessible to people around the world. These programs also strive to give youth around the world new educational experiences and access to financial services and programs.
  • 439
  • 28 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Job Design
Job design (also referred to as work design or task design) is a core function of industrial and organizational psychology, and refers to the "content and organization of one's work tasks, activities, relationships, and responsibilities" (p. 662). Job design has been linked to a wide range of organizational outcomes, including productivity, safety, and innovation, as well as a range of outcomes that are important to individual workers, such as job satisfaction, personal development, and motivation. Its principles are geared towards how the nature of a person's job affects their attitudes and behavior at work, particularly relating to characteristics such as skill variety and autonomy.
  • 1.6K
  • 28 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Volatility
In finance, volatility (usually denoted by σ) is the degree of variation of a trading price series over time, usually measured by the standard deviation of logarithmic returns. Historic volatility measures a time series of past market prices. Implied volatility looks forward in time, being derived from the market price of a market-traded derivative (in particular, an option).
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Entrepreneurial Motivation, Competency and Micro-Enterprise Sustainability Performance
Entrepreneurial activities are perceived as a crucial driver for economic development and expansion. Particularly, entrepreneurial activities by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) contribute to the socio-economic development of every country. They are crucial for regional advancement and sustainable development in comparison to their larger counterparts. According to Alshebami, SMEs drive economic growth by creating job opportunities, mitigating poverty, and improving the standard of living of residents. Micro and small-sized enterprises, on the other hand, contribute to economic development through an increase in household income and provision of employment. Micro, small, and medium enterprises play a key role in growing developing countries’ economies.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Annoyance Factor
An annoyance factor (or nuisance or irritation factor[lower-alpha 1]), in advertising and brand management, is a variable used to measure consumers' perception level of annoyance in an ad, then analyzed to help evaluate the ad's effectiveness. The variable can be observed or inferred and is a type that might be used in factor analyses. An annoyance effect (or nuisance or irritation effect[lower-alpha 1]) is a reference to the impact or result of an annoying stimulus, which can be a strategic aspect of an advertisement intended to help a message stick in the minds of consumers. References to annoyance effects have been referred to as annoyance dynamics.[lower-roman 1][lower-roman 2] While the words "factor" and "effect," as used in the behavioral sciences, have different meanings, in casual vernacular, they have been used interchangeably as synonymous. A more general or umbrella term would simply be advertising annoyance.
  • 712
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Services in the Internal Market Directive 2006
The Services in the Internal Market Directive 2006/123/EC (also called the "Bolkestein Directive") is an EU law aiming at establishing a single market for services within the European Union (EU). Drafted under the leadership of the former European Commissioner for the Internal Market Frits Bolkestein, it has been popularly referred to by his name. It was seen as an important kick-start to the Lisbon Agenda which, launched in 2000, was an agreed strategy to make the EU "the world's most dynamic and competitive economy" by 2010. The Bolkestein Directive was harshly criticised by left-wing European politicians, who stated that it would lead to competition between workers in different parts of Europe – hence the expression "Polish plumber" – resulting in social dumping. After the 2004 original draft had been substantially amended, the proposal was approved on 12 December 2006 by the European Parliament and Council, and adopted as the Directive 2006/123/EC.
  • 513
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Digital Strategy
Digital Strategy is a plan that uses digital resources to achieve one or more objectives. With technology changing at a very fast pace, Institutions have many digital resources to choose from based on what their overall goal is. Typically a plan that helps businesses, institutions, and brands, etc transform its course of action, operations, and activities, etc into digital nature to market their products, Analyse their consumer transactions or reduce operating cost, etc will be the digital strategy for that business, institution or brand. For e.g. brands at one point of time used print media advertisements for promoting its offers but now with the help of technology, social media is being used aggressively by brands to communicate their offerings to their respective consumers. 2019 was the first year in the history of humankind that witnessed brands. total advertising spent on social media crossed over the brand's total advertising spent on print media.
  • 570
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization
A company's earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (commonly abbreviated EBITDA, pronounced /iːbɪtˈdɑː/, /əˈbɪtdɑː/, or /ˈɛbɪtdɑː/) is an accounting measure calculated using a company's earnings, before interest expenses, taxes, depreciation, and amortization are subtracted, as a proxy for a company's current operating profitability (i.e., how much profit it makes with its present assets and its operations on the products it produces and sells, as well as providing a proxy for cash flow). Though often shown on an income statement, it is not considered part of the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) by the SEC.
  • 835
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Competitive Agri-Food Supply Chain
Competitive agri-food supply chain (hereafter, AFSC) is an important component of AFSC. In a competitive environment, more and more AFSCs use blockchain-based traceability services (hereafter, BBTS) to improve the traceability level of agricultural products.
  • 502
  • 27 Oct 2022
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