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Topic Review
Clay Bricks
Clay bricks are extensively used as building material worldwide. Natural soil deposits are in constant reduction due to the frequent use of clay to manufacture bricks. About 1600 billion bricks are produced annually by the consumption of millions of tons of natural resources.
  • 8.4K
  • 18 Sep 2021
Topic Review
NTC-Properties of a Geomorphic Clinoptilolite Sample
Negative temperature coefficient (NTC) materials are usually based on ceramic semiconductors, and electrons are involved in their transport mechanism. A new type of NTC material, adequate for alternating current (AC) applications, is represented by zeolites. Indeed, zeolites are single charge carrier ionic conductors with a temperature-dependent electrical conductivity. In particular, electrical transport in zeolites is due to the monovalent charge-balancing cations, like K+, capable of hopping between negatively charged sites in the aluminosilicate framework. Owing to the highly non-linear electrical behavior of the traditional electronic NTC materials, the possibility to have alternative types of materials, showing linearity in their electrical behavior, is very desirable. Among different zeolites, natural clinoptilolite has been selected for investigating NTC behavior since it is characterized by high zeolite content, a convenient Si/Al atomic ratio, good mechanical strength due to its compact microstructure, and low toxicity. Clinoptilolite has shown a rapid and quite reversible impedance change under heating, characterized by a linear dependence on temperature.
  • 4.2K
  • 11 Jul 2024
Topic Review
Materials Science, Glasses
Glasses are solid amorphous materials which transform into liquids upon heating through the glass transition. The International Commission on Glass defines glass as a state of matter, usually produced when a viscous molten material is cooled rapidly to below its glass transition temperature, with insufficient time for a regular crystal lattice to form. The solid-like behaviour of glasses is separated from the liquid-like behaviour at higher temperatures by the glass transition temperature, Tg. The IUPAC Compendium on Chemical Terminology defines glass transition as a second order transition in which a supercooled melt yields, on cooling, a glassy structure. It states that below the glass-transition temperature the physical properties of glasses vary in a manner similar to those of the crystalline phase. Moreover, it is deemed that the bonding structure of glasses has the same symmetry signature in terms of Hausdorff-Besikovitch dimensionality of chemical bonds as for the crystalline materials. 
  • 3.9K
  • 09 May 2024
Topic Review
3D Braiding Technology
3D braiding technologies enable the production of structures with complex geometry, which are often used for lightweight solutions, for example in automotive engineering. In addition, medical technology offers wide-ranging applications for 3D braiding technology. 3D braided structures are defined as those with yarns that intersect in all three spatial directions. 3D braiding processes allow the fiber orientation to be easily influenced, thus ensuring high strength and stiffness with reduced mass.
  • 2.6K
  • 25 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Magnetoelectric Sensors
Multiferroic magnetoelectric (ME) materials with the capability of coupling magnetization and electric polarization have been providing diverse routes towards functional devices and thus attracting ever-increasing attention. The typical device applications include sensors, energy harvesters, magnetoelectric random access memories, tunable microwave devices and ME antennas etc. Among those application scenarios, ME sensors are specifically focused in this review article. We begin with an introduction of materials development and then recent advances in ME sensors are overviewed. Engineering applications of ME sensors are followed and typical scenarios are presented. Finally, several remaining challenges and future directions from the perspective of sensor designs and real applications are included.
  • 2.6K
  • 07 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors and Its Fabrication Process
The high performance, multi-functionality, and high integration of electronic devices are made possible in large part by the multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs). Due to their low cost, compact size, wide capacitance range, low equivalent series inductance (ESL) and equivalent series resistance (ESR), and excellent frequency response, MLCCs play a significant role in contemporary electronic devices.
  • 2.0K
  • 20 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Crystallization of LiNbO3
Due to its piezoelectric, ferroelectric, nonlinear optics, and pyroelectric properties, LiNbO3 crystal has found its wide applications in surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices, optical waveguides, optical modulators, and second-harmonic generators (SHG). LiNbO3 crystallized as R3c space group below Curie temperature shows spontaneous polarization that leads to its ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. Physical and chemical characteristics of LiNbO3 are mainly determined by Li/Nb ratio, impurity cations, vacancies in a cation sublattice. Different sizes of LiNbO3 ranging from nanoscale and microscale to bulk size have been synthesized by solid state method, hydrothermal/solvothermal method, Czochralski (Cz) growth method, etc. Most basic and applied studies of LiNbO3 focus on its bulk single crystal.
  • 2.0K
  • 17 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Unfired Clay Bricks
Bricks are typically made through the high-temperature firing process or by stabilizing the mixture with binders such as lime and cement. These bricks have a large carbon footprint and high levels of grey energy. In many parts of the world, the excessive use of clay as a natural raw material for the production of conventional bricks will lead to its scarcity. The mixing of clay with lignocellulosic ash during brick manufacturing leads to a better and more reliable solution that conserves scarce natural resources and reduces the impact of environmental pollution. 
  • 1.8K
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Red Mud resources for metal
Various scopes are suggested for the utilization of red mud to maintain a sustainable environment. The potential use of red mud covers the valuable metal recovery that could emphasize the use of red mud as a resource. Red mud could act as reduced slag in the metallurgical field for the extraction of minerals and metals for upscale application. Although many studies have revealed the potential utilization of red mud, most of them are only limited to a lab-scale basis. 
  • 1.6K
  • 09 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Carbonation of Concrete
As one of the major causes of concrete deterioration, the carbonation of concrete has been widely investigated over recent decades. In recent years, the effect of mechanical load on carbonation has started to attract more attention. The load-induced variations in crack pattern and pore structure have a significant influence on CO2 transport which determines the carbonation rate. 
  • 1.6K
  • 07 Dec 2021
Topic Review
XPS Study Calcining Mixtures of Brucite with Titania
The X-ray stimulation photospectrometry technique known as XPS is applied to determine chemical bond characteristics of organic and inorganic substances. On the other hand, the processes of chemical substance formation can be energetically activated by various mechanisms, one of them being thermal activation. Magnesium oxide (magnesia, MgO) and titanium oxide (titania, TiO2) are substances that, due to their chemical and energetic nature, can chemically react to form other chemical compounds when subjected to relatively high temperatures. During the sintering of MgO it is feasible to use some additives such as TiO2 to improve some properties, but during the process it is possible the formation of substances that limit its final application at high temperature. This review focuses on the relatively high-temperature synthesis and characterization of compounds based on MgO:TiO2 in a 50:50 wt% ratio, using the XPS technique and supported by XRD.
  • 1.5K
  • 22 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Photocatalysis for Water Splitting Capabilities
Water could be used as the main source of hydrogen production. By definition, the dissociation of the water molecules into their constituents (hydrogen and oxygen) is known as water splitting. Rapid population growth and ever-increasing energy consumption have resulted in increased environmental pollution and energy demands. Accordingly, studies and research on innovative and efficient ways of wastewater clean-up and exploiting eco-friendly and renewable energy sources such as sunlight have become a necessity. 
  • 1.3K
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies of Silicon Carbide Materials
Silicon carbide (SiC) materials are widely applied in the field of nuclear materials and semiconductor materials due to their excellent radiation resistance, thermal conductivity, oxidation resistance, and mechanical strength. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is an important method to study the properties, preparation, and performance of SiC materials. It has significant advantages at the atomic scale. 
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Hydroxyapatite and Derivatives for Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Applications
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is an attractive bioceramic from an environmental point of view. It mainly allows ion exchange between Ca2+ and other metal ions, making it an attractive material in the photodegradation of aquatic life effluents. Strategies for the performance of HAp-based functionalized material were reported, for example, doping, immobilization, deposition, incorporation, and support. Due to the production of stoichiometric defects capable of estimating response in the presence of light (UV, visible or solar) through charge carriers' interaction and/or mobility. Its favors photocatalytic performance and positive responses in the physicochemical properties to form an effective and sustainable photocatalyst.  
  • 1.3K
  • 26 May 2022
Topic Review
Cement Asphalt Emulsion Mortar Composites
CA mortar (sometimes abbreviated to CAM) is one of the major construction materials for slab ballastless track in high-speed railways; it is an intermediate layer flung within the space between the track slab and the trackbed (as depicted in) of CRTS I and CRTS II. Cement and asphalt mortar is an organic–inorganic composite material primarily composed of asphalt emulsion, cement, sand, water, and other chemical admixtures. This composite material possesses fascinating properties that are different from both concrete and asphalt material alone because it couples the strength of cement as well as the flexibility of asphalt material.
  • 1.2K
  • 03 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Surface-Functionalized Separator
The surface-modified separator plays a role in improving the electrolyte wettability, homogenizing Li+flux, and strengthening the mechanical/thermal property. Due to these favorable benefits, the formation of sharp Li dendrite is efficiently suppressed and the thermal stability of battery is greatly enhanced. In this article, separator-coating materials are classified into six categories in terms of material characteristics to show how each material has different electrochemical properties. We believe that the suggested approach would become a powerful strategy to improve the performance and stability of next-generation batteries such as lithium-metal batteries.
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Structure of Piezoelectric Accelerometers
Compared with other types of sensors, piezoelectric accelerometers have the advantages of a large range, a wide-frequency band, a simple structure, stable performance, good output linearity, etc. The principle of a piezoelectric accelerometer is based on the property of the active element, and its structure is mainly composed of a mass block, a piezoelectric sensitive element, and a base.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Sep 2023
Biography
Tushar Kanti Das Roy
Tushar K. Das Roy, researcher and technologist, science popularizer, entrepreneur, was born in Bangladesh, India. He graduated from the University of Calcutta, India, where he received his Engineering Degree, later moved to Berlin, Germany and there he obtained his Diplomm-Ingenierung at the University of Berlin, Germany; his title of Dr.-Ing. he got it from TU-Clausthal, Germany. He worked
  • 1.0K
  • 02 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Packaging Materials
The entry packaging materials is intended to summarize the recent progress in the work of fractal theory in packaging material to provide important insights into applied research on fractal in packaging materials. The fractal analysis methods employed for inorganic materials such as metal alloys and ceramics, polymers, and their composites are reviewed from the aspects of fractal feature extraction and fractal dimension calculation methods. Through the fractal dimension of packaging materials and the fractal in their preparation process, the relationship between the fractal characteristic parameters and the properties of packaging materials is discussed. The fractal analysis method can qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the fractal characteristics, microstructure, and properties of a large number of various types of packaging materials. 
  • 1.0K
  • 06 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Sustainable Synthesis of MXenes
MXenes provide a major drawback involving environmentally harmful and toxic substances for its general fabrication in large-scale production and employing a high-temperature solid-state reaction followed by selective etching. Meanwhile, how MXenes are synthesized is essential in directing their end uses. Therefore, making strategic approaches to synthesize greener, safer, more sustainable, and more environmentally friendly MXenes is imperative to commercialize at a competitive price. 
  • 945
  • 17 Jan 2023
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