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Topic Review
Sustainable Tourism Issues in European Countries
Sustainable economic growth can be achieved through tourism by protecting the environment, maintaining natural resources, creating employment, improving cultural diversity, and recognizing cultural heritage values. The concept of tourism sustainability is gradually growing globally and becoming a dominant aspect in modern business, as companies need to meet stakeholders’ demands regarding environmental management. Sustainable tourism incorporates environmental, social, economic, and cultural issues into operations. The demand for green tourism, ethical consumption, protection of natural resources, and living close to nature is expected to increase. In particular, the latter gains more and more popularity due to the stress caused by the global pandemic and also because values have been re-evaluated at every level of society.
  • 1.4K
  • 06 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Soil Nanoremediation and Mushrooms
Soil pollution is a serious challenge facing the global community. This pollution is a direct and/or indirect harmful deterioration, which penetrates all aspects of our life, especially human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to repair, remove, or decompose these pollutants according to various approaches. Concerning the relationship between soil nanoremediation and its mushrooms, this process can be called nano myco-remediation. The mechanism of this kind of remediation depends mainly on the enzymatic system of mushroom species and is involved in the bioremediation of organic environmental pollutants.
  • 1.4K
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Machine Learning Model in HSI-AD
In the field of remote sensing, hyperspectral image (HSI) is a ground image collected by advanced sensor technology and imaging system mounted on satellites or other aircraft. Anomaly detection (AD) is a very important sub-branch in machine learning and has important applications in computer vision, data mining, and natural language processing (NLP). HSI-AD refers to the identification of pixels whose spectral characteristics in an image are significantly different from adjacent or global background pixels.
  • 1.4K
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Prediction of Penalties or Compensation Payments in Companies
Corporate misconduct is a huge and widespread problem in the economy. Many companies make mistakes that result in them having to pay penalties or compensation to other businesses. Some of these cases are so serious that they take a toll on a company’s financial condition. Several algorithms were to create and evaluate which can predict whether a company will have to pay a penalty and to discover what financial indicators may signal it.
  • 1.4K
  • 27 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Diploid Wheats and Non Celiac Wheat Sensitivity
Non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) is a clinical entity induced by the ingestion of gluten that leads to intestinal and/or extraintestinal symptoms, and is diagnosed when celiac disease and wheat allergy have been ruled out. In addition to gluten, other grains’ components, including amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) and fermentable short-chain carbohydrates (FODMAPs), may trigger symptoms in NCWS subjects. Several studies suggest that, compared with tetraploid and hexaploid modern wheats, ancient diploid wheats species could possess a lower immunogenicity for subjects suffering from NCWS. 
  • 1.4K
  • 02 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Castanea mollissima
Chestnut (Castanea spp., Fagaceae family) is an economically important tree in the wood processing industry that occurs in Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas. There are four most important and cultivated chestnut varieties: C. molissima (Chinese chestnut) and C. crenata (Japanese chestnut) are distributed in Asia; C. sativa is distributed in continental Europe (European chestnut); and Castanea dentata is distributed in North America (American chestnut). Chestnuts are a source of nuts and industrial raw materials, including wood, that can be used as firewood, as well as to build timber and barrels for winemaking. Extracts from chestnut shells (e.g., tannins, polyphenols, and polysaccharides), female flower, and spring buds have been applied in the medical, pharmaceutical, and healthcare fields. Discarded chestnut shells, inner shells, burs, and leaves have been re-utilized as biomass and catalyst material. The important economic and environmental roles of chestnut underlie its high value to ecosystems and agroforestry systems.
  • 1.4K
  • 16 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Climate, Urbanization and Environmental Pollution in West Africa
The need to elucidate the urbanization–climate–pollution nexus in West Africa arose from the several reported, but disjointed cases of climate extremes and environmental degradation in the sub-region. Since colonization and subsequent independence of nations in the West African region, several urban cities began to spring up and gradually grow. Urbanization was essentially characterized by population growth without complementary infrastructural development, weak coping strategies against climate extremes, numerous economic challenges, and high risk of environmental pollution. Initiative for urban renewal, urban greening and smart city development was low, and preparedness against future impact of extreme climate events and climate change is uncertain.
  • 1.4K
  • 12 Dec 2022
Topic Review
General Characteristics of Paeonia × suffruticosa
P. × suffruticosa bark root - Moutan cortex is a medicinal raw material formerly known from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) but less common in official European medicine. It was introduced for the first time in the European Pharmacopoeia Supplement 9.4 in 2018. P. × suffruticosa posses very valuable medicinal values, including antioxidant, cytoprotective, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective activities. The scientific studies indicated that the profile of raw material activity is mainly due to paeonol, paeoniflorin and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose. Moreover, P. × suffruticosa finds increasing application in cosmetology due to research on its chronic dermatitis, anti-aging and brightening effects.
  • 1.4K
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Philosophical Reflections in the Naisadhacarita
Philosophical Reflections in the Naisadhacarita is the doctoral (Ph.D.) thesis of Harekrishna Meher done in Banaras Hindu University in 1981. It discusses philosophical ideas as reflected in the Sanskrit Mahakavya ‘Naisadhacaritam’ authored by the distinguished poet Sriharsa (12th century). This book (ISBN:9788185094212), first published in 1989 by Punthi Pustak Calcutta, is circulated worldwide. Naisadhacarita Mahakavya of poet Sriharsa enjoys a prominent position among the five great epics of Sanskrit literature. Also known as ‘Naishadha’ or ‘Naishadhiya’, this epic contains twenty-two cantos completed with 2827 verses. Its main theme is the story of love between Nala, the King of Nisadha country and Damayanti, the Princess of Vidarbha. The story of Nala and Damayanti is found in the Mahabharata of Vyasa and Kathasaritsagara of Somadeva. The episode of the epic has been taken from the Mahabharata. Poet Sriharsa has remodelled the story and has added the sentiment of love to it. 
  • 1.4K
  • 10 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Evinacumab, an ANGPTL3 Inhibitor, in the Treatment of Dyslipidemia
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) affects an average of 1 in 300,000 subjects. It is a very rare genetic disorder of lipoprotein metabolism. It is caused by mutations in both alleles of the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene and less often by mutations in APOB, the ligand for LDLR and proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a protein that degrades LDLR.
  • 1.4K
  • 05 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Methods in Additive Manufacturing
Multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) refers to making preference decisions via assessing a finite number of pre-specified alternatives under multiple and usually conflicting attributes. Many problems in the field of additive manufacturing (AM) are essentially MADM problems or can be converted into MADM problems. 
  • 1.4K
  • 02 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Immunological Synapse and Primary Cilium
The primary cilium is a small microtubule-based organelle that extends from the apical surface of most eukaryotic cells into the extracellular space for sensing and transducing a wide range of cues. Defects in cilia growth and function are associated with a group of human inherited multisystemic diseases, known as ciliopathies. In recent years a rising number of ciliary proteins have been described at extraciliary sites, both in ciliated and non-ciliated cells, and have been implicated in cilium-independent functions and different cellular processes. Hematopoietic cells, including T lymphocytes, do not form primary cilia. However, non-ciliated T cells co-opt the ciliogenesis machinery for the assembly and function of the immunological synapse, a well-organized structure formed by immune cells – multiple types of T cells, mast cells, NK cells, B cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells – allowing for antigen recognition and signaling, information exchange and polarized release of molecules into the synaptic cleft. The identification of many, unexpected similarities between the primary cilium and the T cell immunological synapse at the structural, functional and molecular levels have highlighted the homology between these structures, even though they show disparate morphologies. 
  • 1.4K
  • 11 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Electrically Conductive and Thermally Conductive Lubricants
Electrically as well as thermally conductive lubricants have drawn considerable attention and are an emerging research topic because they have unique advantages and advanced lubrication performance over traditional lubricants such as corrosion protection and efficient heat dissipation. For instance, some components of electric vehicles (EVs) such as bearings, seals, pads and gears require conductive lubricants to avoid premature failure and electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems due to induced shaft voltages and currents.
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Aug 2023
Topic Review
The Application of Potassium Diformate in Aquaculture
Potassium diformate (KDF) is an organic acid salt. It is a dimer formed through hydrogen bonding between one molecule of formic acid and one molecule of potassium formate. The chemical formula of KDF is HCOOH·HCOOK, with a molecular weight of 130.14. It is a white or slightly yellow crystalline powder with no discernible pungent odor. KDF dissolves in water and exhibits a pronounced hygroscopic nature. Its aqueous solution is acidic and remains stable under acidic conditions, while it decomposes into formate and formic acid under neutral or slightly alkaline conditions. Compared with formic acid, KDF overcomes the irritability, corrosiveness, and instability of formic acid. Therefore, KDF is a more suitable additive in feed, providing a safer and more stable solution in maintaining the balance of microbial communities in aquatic animals.
  • 1.4K
  • 07 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Emotion Regulation in Autobiographical Memories
When facing a negative event, people implement different strategies to regulate ongoing emotions. Although the previous literature has suggested that the emotional intensity of a negative episode is associated with the characteristics of the subsequent autobiographical memory, it is still unknown whether emotion regulation (ER) moderates this relationship. In the present study, we provided undergraduate students with a smartphone-based diary to report a negative episode immediately after its occurrence and rate the momentary use of two ER strategies: cognitive reappraisal and rumination. To explore autobiographical memory, two “surprise” recall tasks were performed one week and one month after the event. According to the results, cognitive reappraisal was linked with better memory performances, and a tendency to retrospectively underestimate the negativity of highly intense events was observed only in participants adopting high rates of this strategy. Conversely, intense rumination was found to be associated with less detailed memories of emotionally intense events, as well as with higher emotional involvement with negative episodes over time, regardless of their intensity. The results support the maladaptive role of rumination and the adaptive influence of cognitive reappraisal on autobiographical memory. 
  • 1.4K
  • 16 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Stoned (Computer Virus)
Stoned is a boot sector computer virus created in 1987. It is one of the first viruses and is thought to have been written by a student in Wellington, New Zealand. By 1989 it had spread widely in New Zealand and Australia, and variants became very common worldwide in the early 1990s. A computer infected with the original version had a one in eight probability that the screen would declare: "Your PC is now Stoned!", a phrase found in infected boot sectors of infected floppy disks and master boot records of infected hard disks, along with the phrase "Legalise Marijuana". Later variants produced a range of other messages.
  • 1.4K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Method for FAPR Compliance Testing
A power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) based method for fast active power regulation (FAPR) compliance testing of the wind turbine converter controls. The presented PHIL setup is a generic test setup for the testing of all kinds of control strategies of the grid-connected power electronic converters.
  • 1.4K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Airway Inflammation
The effects of airway inflammation on airway smooth muscle (ASM) are mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα).
  • 1.4K
  • 12 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Human Paraoxonase-2
PON1, PON2, and PON3 belong to a family of lactone hydrolyzing enzymes endowed with various substrate specificities. Among PONs, PON2 shows the highest hydrolytic activity toward many acyl-homoserine lactones (acyl-HL) involved in bacterial quorum-sensing signaling.
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Zebrafish Motile Cilia
Zebrafish is a vertebrate teleost widely used in many areas of research. As embryos, they develop quickly and provide unique opportunities for research studies owing to their transparency for at least 48 h post fertilization. Zebrafish have many ciliated organs that include primary cilia as well as motile cilia. Using zebrafish as an animal model helps to better understand human diseases such as Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD), an autosomal recessive disorder that affects cilia motility, currently associated with more than 50 genes. 
  • 1.4K
  • 22 Sep 2021
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