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Topic Review
Rescript
In legal terminology, a rescript is a document that is issued not on the initiative of the author, but in response (it literally means 'written back') to a specific demand made by its addressee. It does not apply to more general legislation.
  • 1.4K
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Life Quality Index
The Life Quality Index (LQI) is a calibrated compound social indicator of human welfare that reflects the expected length of life in good health and enhancement of the quality of life through access to income. The Life Quality Index combines two primary social indicators: the expectancy of healthy life at birth, E, and the real gross domestic product per person, G, corrected for purchasing power parity as appropriate. Both are widely available and accurate statistics.
  • 1.4K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Page LaPyout (Cartography)
Page layout, also called map layout or map composition, is the part of Cartographic design that involves assembling various map elements on a page. This may include the map image itself, along with titles, legends, scale indicators, inset maps, and other elements. It follows principles similar to page layout in graphic design, such as balance, gestalt, and visual hierarchy. The term map composition is also used for the assembling of features and symbols within the map image itself, which can cause some confusion; these two processes share a few common design principles but are distinct procedures in practice. Similar principles of layout design apply to maps produced in a variety of media, from large format wall maps to illustrations in books to interactive web maps, although each medium has unique constraints and opportunities.
  • 1.4K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA in Kidney Transplantation
Donor derived cell-free DNA has been identified as a measurable lab test that may be able to adequately diagnose rejection at early stages, precluding the need for invasive procedures like biopsy.
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  • 27 Oct 2022
Biography
Theodore E. Madey
Theodore E. Madey (October 24, 1937 – July 27, 2008) was an American condensed matter physicist who specialized in the chemistry and physics of surfaces. He was a professor in the physics and chemistry departments at Rutgers University at the time of his death.[1] Theodore Eugene Madey was born in Wilmington, DE, and was raised in Baltimore, MD.[2][3][4] He was the descendant of Polish Amer
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Marriage Equality (Same Sex) Act 2013
The Marriage Equality (Same Sex) Act 2013 was an act of parliament of the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly that was intended to legalise same-sex marriage in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). It was first presented to the ACT Legislative Assembly on 19 September 2013 by the ACT Attorney-General, Simon Corbell. The law intended to build on the existing recognition of same-sex unions in the Australian Capital Territory, which included recognition of de facto partners, civil partnerships and same-sex-only civil unions (with civil unions being replaced by same-sex marriage if the Act was successfully passed). The act was passed in the Legislative Assembly on 22 October 2013. It came into operation on 7 November although wedding ceremonies under the provisions of the Act did not occur until 7 December 2013. West Australian parliamentarian Stephen Dawson and his husband Dennis Liddelow were the first same-sex couple to marry under the new laws. Upon the law's commencement, the Abbott Government challenged the legal and constitutional validity of the Act, lodging an immediate challenge in the High Court of Australia. The case was heard on 3 December and a ruling was handed down on 12 December 2013. The High Court unanimously struck the act down in its entirety, on the basis that it was in conflict with the federal Marriage Act, which defined marriage in Australia as the union of a man and a woman. The court did however expressly confirm in its ruling that the Parliament of Australia had the constitutional authority to amend the definition of marriage in the Marriage Act, so as to allow same-sex couples to marry.
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Biography
Arie Bodek
Arie Bodek (born 1947) is an American experimental particle physicist and the George E. Pake Professor of Physics at the University of Rochester.[1] Bodek was awarded the 2004 American Physical Society W.K.H. Panofsky Prize in Experimental Particle Physics for his "broad, sustained, and insightful contributions to elucidating the structure of the nucleon, using a wide variety of probes, tools,
  • 1.4K
  • 29 Dec 2022
Biography
Marie Skodak Crissey
Marie Skodak Crissey (10 January 1910 - 5 December 2000) was an American developmental psychologist who specialized in intelligence testing, school psychology service administration, and special education. She authored several books and articles on these subjects, and her work has often been cited in research on the development and intelligence of children in relation to adoption and child care.
  • 1.4K
  • 29 Dec 2022
Biography
Tanvir Rahman
Dr. Md. Tanvir Rahman is a Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science at Bangladesh Agricultural University. He is also an Adjunct Visiting Professor of Xinxiang University, Henan, China. Dr. Rahman completed DVM from Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) in 1993. Later he completed MSc and PhD from University of Guelph, Canada and University of War
  • 1.4K
  • 20 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Surface Modification in Surface Plasmon Resonance Assays
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) comprises several surface-sensitive techniques that enable the trace and ultra-trace detection of various analytes through affinity pairing. 
  • 1.4K
  • 27 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Adaptive Evolution
Adaptive evolution is a process in which variation that confers an evolutionary advantage in a specific environmental context arises and is propagated through a population. When investigating this process, researchers have mainly focused on describing advantageous phenotypes or putative advantageous genotypes. The main molecular mechanism underlying adaptive evolution in vertebrates is mutations, leading to regulatory changes in gene expression and/or cellular pathways.
  • 1.4K
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Initiation of DNA Replication
DNA replication is fundamental to the maintenance and diversification of life. In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication initiates from multiple origins deployed across the whole genome, implying the need for a tight orchestration of their firing. Complex multi-step regulatory mechanisms coordinate such efforts and ensure that the genome is fully duplicated. Notably, a large excess of DNA replication origins are present throughout the human genome, with only 5–10% of them firing throughout S phase. Based on their usage, DNA replication origins are classified into the following three categories: (1) constitutive origins that invariably fire in all cells of a population, (2) flexible origins (the majority) that only fire in some cells of a population, and (3) dormant origins that are kept silent during normal conditions but can become activated upon DNA damage when a replication fork stalls in the vicinity.
  • 1.4K
  • 04 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Language Learning Investment in Higher Education
Second language learning investment relates to the willingness and effort of learners to develop language competencies which will give them a good return in terms of personal or professional benefits. Investment relates to a learner’s willingness to learn something which they believe could “give them a good return on that investment”. Qualitative research findings indicate that the construct of investment is complex and interweaves different aspects of language learning, such as motivation, necessity or personal needs, engagement and agency.
  • 1.4K
  • 03 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Safe Applications of Aerogels
An increasing number of aerogels as nanostructured highly porous materials are entering the market in every day products, with an attractive portfolio of properties for emerging applications ranging from health care and leisure to electronics, cosmetics, energy, agriculture, food and environmental.
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  • 03 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Liquid Crystal Lenses
Liquid crystal (LC) lenses may be used by themselves or as a supplement of glass lenses, e.g., to tune up the power of the glass lens within a certain range, with functionality equivalent to commercial progressive lenses, but with improved performance since the power of the whole lens is modified by a sensor providing autofocus, as in digital cameras.
  • 1.4K
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Biotechnological Interventions in Tomato for Drought Stress Tolerance
Tomato production is severely affected by abiotic stresses (drought, flood, heat, and salt) and causes approximately 70% loss in yield depending on severity and duration of the stress. Drought is the most destructive abiotic stress and tomato is very sensitive to the drought stress, as cultivated tomato lack novel gene(s) for drought stress tolerance. Only 20% of agricultural land worldwide is irrigated, and only 14.51% of that is well-irrigated, while the rest is rain fed. This scenario makes drought very frequent, which restricts the genetically predetermined yield. Primarily, drought disturbs tomato plant physiology by altering plant–water relation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.
  • 1.4K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a common brain disease characterized as a long-lasting propensity to engender epileptic seizures. These are defined by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), as a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms, due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. The ILAE also describes that patients with epilepsy, besides neurobiological problems, also face cognitive, psychological, and social issues. Epileptic seizures can be classified depending on the onset (focal, generalized or unknown) and depending on the etiology (genetic, structural, infectious, metabolic, immune, unknown, or with more than one etiology). Epileptogenesis is when a physiological and functional brain develops recurrent and unprovoked seizures, due to abnormal biological alterations. Epileptogenesis encompasses: The moment a precipitating injury (such as stroke or traumatic brain injury) or event (as status epilepticus (SE) or febrile seizure) occurs; the latent period between this epileptogenic insult and a modified epileptic brain (having spontaneous unprovoked seizures); and the mechanisms that occur during chronic epilepsy. Despite that the knowledge about the epileptogenesis process has significantly increased, most of the current drugs for epilepsy are used to treat symptoms, meaning to stop the seizures. These drugs, named AEDs, do not prevent or cure epilepsy. Therefore, finding drugs that work as antiepileptogenic, interreacting with the process of epilepsy development, is fundamental.
  • 1.4K
  • 16 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Endolysosomal TRPMLs
Lysosomes, the membrane-bound digestive cell organelles, are well-known for their catabolic function.
  • 1.4K
  • 04 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Plant Proteins for Future Foods
Protein calories consumed by people all over the world approximate 15–20% of their energy intake. This makes protein a major nutritional imperative. Today, we are facing an unprecedented challenge to produce and distribute adequate protein to feed over nine billion people by 2050, in an environmentally sustainable and affordable way. Plant-based proteins present a promising solution to our nutritional needs due to their long history of crop use and cultivation, lower cost of production, and easy access in many parts of the world. However, plant proteins have comparatively poor functionality, defined as poor solubility, foaming, emulsifying, and gelling properties, limiting their use in food products. Relative to animal proteins, including dairy products, plant protein technology is still in its infancy. To bridge this gap, advances in plant protein ingredient development and the knowledge to construct plant-based foods are sorely needed.
  • 1.4K
  • 05 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Extracellular DNA
Extracellular DNA (eDNA) refers to any molecule of DNA found outside a cell. eDNA has an important ecological role as a signal molecule in several organisms. In plants, it has shown beneficial effects on important production traits such as defense mechanisms, plant growth and development, and secondary metabolites production that results in yield increment and better-quality food.
  • 1.4K
  • 22 Oct 2021
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