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Topic Review
Emotive Internet
Emotive Internet (also Emotive Web, Emotional Internet) is a conceptualization of the Internet as an emergent emotional public space, such as how it serves as a space for the social sharing of emotions. It can also denote the quality of the Internet that allows it to be used to communicate in an emotive fashion or with emotional intent. Since it is an expressive medium, it also enables users to construct and represent their identities online. This is evident in the way emotional responses have been integrated in online communication and interactions. The concept is also linked to emotional analytics and emotion-sensing applications, particularly those technologies that power the Internet of Things (IoTs) - the smart home devices that have the capability to store and process the user's emotional profile to deliver services.
  • 1.5K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Cognitive Closure
In philosophy of science and philosophy of mind, cognitive closure is the proposition that human minds are constitutionally incapable of solving certain perennial philosophical problems. Owen Flanagan calls this position anti-constructive naturalism or the "new mysterianism" and the primary advocate of the hypothesis, Colin McGinn, calls it transcendental naturalism acknowledging the possibility that solutions may be knowable to an intelligent non-human of some kind. According to McGinn, such philosophical questions include the mind-body problem, identity of the self, foundations of meaning, free will, and knowledge, both a priori and empirical.
  • 1.5K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive 2011
The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive 2011/61/EU (or "AIFMD" for short) is an EU law on the financial regulation of hedge funds, private equity, real estate funds, and other "Alternative Investment Fund Managers" (AIFMs) in the European Union. The Directive requires all covered AIFMs to obtain authorisation, and make various disclosures as a condition of operation. It followed the global financial crisis. Before, the alternative investment industry had not been regulated at EU level. It was reported in May 2014 that only one-third of EU member states had successfully implemented the directive into law. As of 2014, the countries that had transposed AIFMD into law include Cyprus, the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom, Luxembourg, (Germany), France, Malta and Ireland. In December 2014, the European Commission issued a formal warning to countries including Spain, Latvia and Poland for not complying with AIFMD implementation.
  • 1.5K
  • 05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Ecosystem Service Trade-Offs/Synergies of Karst Desertification Control
Ecosystem services, as the term of a scientific period, began in 1970 with the publication of the UN University’s report on “Human Impact on the Global Environment”. Since then, Costanza has proposed that ecosystem services are benefits derived directly or indirectly by human beings from the ecosystem, which are used to maintain the natural environmental conditions and utilities on which human beings depend for survival and development. Trade-offs, as a fundamental concept, first appeared in economics and were defined as opportunity costs. Where resources are scarce, an individual or group must give up a certain amount of additional scarce resources to obtain more of the scarce resources. Karst desertification refers to the land degradation phenomenon caused by the disturbance and destruction of unreasonable human social and economic activities under the fragile karst environment in the subtropical zone, which is manifested by soil erosion, gradual rock exposure, land productivity degradation, and a desert-like landscape on the surface. The results of management over the years show that forests, as the main provider of ecosystem services, have the functions of water conservation, soil and water conservation, carbon sequestration, and climate change mitigation. In particular, they play an irreplaceable role in managing karst desertification.
  • 1.5K
  • 13 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Vitamins B1, B3 and B6 in Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease
The molecular mechanisms of Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease, involving impaired vitamin metabolism and/or actions, are considered in light of the potential therapeutic actions of vitamins B1, B3 and B6 in the disease.
  • 1.5K
  • 27 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Knowledge of Autism
Definitions of autism have been deficit-focused and grounded in a medical perspective. 
  • 1.5K
  • 24 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Li-ion Batteries
With the ever-growing energy storage notably due to the electric vehicle market expansion and stationary applications, one of the challenges of lithium batteries lies in the cost and environmental impacts of their manufacture. The main process employed is the solvent-casting method, based on a slurry casted onto a current collector. The disadvantages of this technique include the use of toxic and costly solvents as well as significant quantity of energy required for solvent evaporation and recycling. A solvent-free manufacturing method would represent significant progress in the development of cost-effective and environmentally friendly lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries.
  • 1.5K
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Polyphenols and Stroke
Polyphenols are an important family of molecules of vegetal origin present in many medicinal and edible plants, which represent important alimentary sources in the human diet. Polyphenols are known for their beneficial health effects and have been investigated for their potential protective role against various pathologies, including cancer, brain dysfunctions, cardiovascular diseases and stroke.
  • 1.5K
  • 15 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Ketone Bodies as Epigenetic Modifiers
 Ketogenesis and ketolysis are the main regulatory metabolic pathways of ketone bodies (KBs). These pathways are active during conditions like adherence to ketogenic diet or starvation, where carbohydrates availability is reduced, or fatty acid levels are increased. Epigenetic changes are influenced by KBs, and in particular βOHB, which regulates cellular processes through epigenetic mechanisms, and therefore serves as a strong epigenetic modifiers and exerts its anti-inflammatory effect providing potential targeted therapy in asthma.   
  • 1.5K
  • 30 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Adjuvants for New Anti-Tuberculosis Vaccines
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) that sits in the top 10 leading causes of death in the world today and is the current leading cause of death among infectious diseases. Although there is a licensed vaccine against TB, the Mycobacterium bovis bacilli Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine, it has several limitations, namely its high variability of efficacy in the population and low protection against pulmonary tuberculosis. New vaccines for TB are needed. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers the development and implementation of new TB vaccines to be a priority. Subunit vaccines are promising candidates since they can overcome safety concerns and optimize antigen targeting. Nevertheless, these vaccines need adjuvants in their formulation in order to increase immunogenicity, decrease the needed antigen dose, ensure a targeted delivery and optimize the antigens delivery and interaction with the immune cells. 
  • 1.5K
  • 10 Feb 2021
Topic Review
MicroRNA
MicroRNA (miRNAs) are short, single-stranded ncRNAs that can be measured in biofluids as minimally invasive biomarkers of disease, including cancer. Their reliable measurement however is challenging, therefore several methods are being developed for miRNA quantitation. Here the technologies currently in use or being developed for quantitation of miRNAs are described.
  • 1.5K
  • 05 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Parkinson’s Disease and Taste
In the common language, the word “taste” is often used to describe sensations arising from the oral cavity. However, in biology the sense of taste includes all sensations mediated by a chemosensory gustatory system specialized anatomically and physiologically. The molecular mechanisms underlying the perception of taste include the reception and signal transduction mechanisms, which play important roles in the oral cavity and also in a diversity of tissues including the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, kidney and even brain.
  • 1.5K
  • 30 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Ionizing Radiation and Complex DDR
Ionizing radiation is a common tool in medical procedures. Monte Carlo (MC) techniques are widely used when dosimetry is the matter of investigation. The scientific community has invested, over the last 30 years, a lot of effort into improving the knowledge of radiation biology. 
  • 1.5K
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Biologically inspired metaheuristics
A metaheuristic is a high level, problem-independent framework that provides a series of steps and guidelines used to develop heuristic optimizers. Nowadays, the tendency is to use the term for both the general framework and for the algorithms built based on its rules. In the latest years, the literature has shown an increase in the number of proposals of new optimization metaheuristics and their improvements through step alterations, local search procedures or hybridizations.
  • 1.5K
  • 09 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Nanomaterials for IoT Sensing Platforms and Point-of-Care Applications
Herein, state-of-the-art research advances in South Korea regarding the development of chemical sensing materials and fully integrated Internet of Things (IoT) sensing platforms were comprehensively reviewed for verifying the applicability of such sensing systems in point-of-care testing (POCT). Various organic/inorganic nanomaterials were synthesized and characterized to understand their fundamental chemical sensing mechanisms upon exposure to target analytes. Moreover, the applicability of nanomaterials integrated with IoT-based signal transducers for the real-time and on-site analysis of chemical species was verified. 
  • 1.5K
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Connective Tissue Growth Factor in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Connective Tissue Growth Factor, also known as the cellular communication network 2 (CCN2), is a TGF-β-target gene and a member of the CCN family of secreted proteins that regulate matricellular protein. Matricellular proteins are expressed at higher levels during physiological and pathological processes, with distinct functions that bind to multiple receptors, other growth factors, and proteases, modulating their activity and mediating cross-talk between the ECM and cells. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis is a chronic, devastating, irreversible lung disease, characterized by injury-induced alveolar epithelial cell stress, progressive pathogenic myofibroblast differentiation, and imbalanced macrophage polarization, resulting in ECM deposition. 
  • 1.5K
  • 04 Jul 2022
Biography
Nicholas B. Suntzeff
Nicholas B. Suntzeff (born November 22, 1952, San Francisco ) is an American University Distinguished Professor and holds the Mitchell/Heep/Munnerlyn Chair of Observational Astronomy in the Department of Physics & Astronomy at Texas A&M University where he is Director of the Astronomy Program. He is an observational astronomer specializing in cosmology, supernovae, stellar populations, and astro
  • 1.5K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Synthesis of Cyclic Sulfoximines via C–H Bond Activation
Sulfoximines, a ubiquitous class of structural motifs, are widely present in bioactive molecules and functional materials that have received considerable attention from modern organic chemistry, pharmaceutical industries, and materials science. Sulfoximines have proved to be an effective directing group for C–H functionalization which was widely investigated for the synthesis of cyclic sulfoximines. C–H activation of sulfoximines has been widely considered to be an efficient method to construct complex scaffolds with potential bioactivities, especially since Bolm discovered the first efficient strategy of Rh-catalyzed annulation of sulfoximines and alkynes in 2013.
  • 1.5K
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Acorus tatarinowii Schott
Acorus tatarinowii Schott (A. tatarinowii) is a natural medicinal plant. It plays an indispensable role in the treatment of diseases by the empirical medicine system and has achieved remarkable curative effects.
  • 1.5K
  • 12 Jun 2023
Topic Review
E-Learning Readiness Assessment
Assessing e-learning readiness is crucial for educational institutions to identify areas in their e-learning systems needing improvement and to develop strategies to enhance students’ readiness.
  • 1.5K
  • 12 Jun 2023
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