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Topic Review
Biomedical Applications of Electrospun Graphene Oxide
Graphene is an allotrope of carbon and is made up of sp2-bonded carbon atoms placed in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice. Graphite consists of stacked layers of graphene. Due to the distinctive structural features as well as excellent physico-chemical and electrical conductivity, graphene allows remarkable improvement in the performance of electrospun nanofibers (NFs), which results in the enhancement of promising applications in NF-based sensor and biomedical technologies. 
  • 977
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Rational Design of Metal-Organic-Framework-Based Membranes
Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials have been widely investigated and have been found to have enormous potential in membrane separation due to their uniform pore size and high designability. Notably, pure MOF films and MOF mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) are the core of the “next generation” MOF materials.
  • 976
  • 09 May 2023
Topic Review
Resin-Dentine Interfaces in Polymeric Dental Adhesives
Restorative and adhesive dentistry has witnessed extraordinary improvements after the innovations in contemporary adhesive materials. These new adhesive systems do not require any mechanical retention through features such as dovetails, grooves, sharp internal angles, and undercuts. For the success of modern restorative dentistry, these adhesive systems play a critical role, as sound tooth structure would be preserved using these newer systems. In addition, by using these contemporary and advanced adhesive systems, secondary caries due to microleakage may be reduced or eliminated.
  • 970
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
NFPCs under Different Strain Rates
With the lightning speed of technological evolution, the demand for high performance yet sustainable natural fibres reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) are rising. Especially a mechanically competent NFPCs under various loading conditions are growing day by day. NFPCs mechanical properties highly depend on strain rate due to their viscoelastic and viscoplastic behaviour. Pure viscoelastic behaviour usually occurs within a small amount of strain. While the viscoplastic inelastic strain only accumulates when it reaches a certain amount depending on the material. NFPCs under a different type of strain rates could also exhibit diverse mechanical properties and failure mechanism.
  • 967
  • 01 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Silicon Lattice With Single Vacancy
The effect of vacancy defects on the structure and mechanical properties of semiconductor silicon materials is of great significance to the development of novel microelectronic materials and the processes of semiconductor sensors.
  • 966
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Advantages on Waste Management in Hydrogen Industry
The turn to hydrogen as an energy source is a fundamentally important task facing the global energetics, aviation and automotive industries. This step would reduce the negative man-made impact on the environment on the one hand, and provide previously inaccessible power modes and increased resources for technical systems, predetermining the development of an absolutely new life cycle for important areas of technology, on the other. The most important aspect in this case is the development of next-generation technologies for hydrogen industry waste management that will definitely reduce the negative impact of technology on the environment. 
  • 965
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Titanium Base Substrates
Titanium base alloys are state-of-the-art implant materials in various surgery applications, including dentistry, bone and craniofacial reconstruction/fixation, and temporary anchorage devices (TAD), etc. Titanium is a lightweight and bioinert metal that possesses a high specific strength (strength to density ratio) and an elastic modulus close to that of human bone. Titanium additionally features excellent corrosion resistance and relatively high X-ray translucency, thus facilitating post-treatment diagnosis. 
  • 964
  • 29 Jul 2021
Topic Review
The Additive Manufacturing
The design of heat exchangers may change dramatically through the use of additive manufacturing (AM). Additive manufacturing, colloquially known as 3D printing, enables the production of monolithic metal bodies, devoid of contact resistance.
  • 962
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Biological and Therapeutical Properties of Silica-Based Nanoparticles
Nanoscience and nanotechnology explore the properties and application of particulate systems at the nanometric size. At this scale, materials exhibit properties and characteristics different from their bulk form due to the surface and quantum confinement effects. These effects are related to the increase in the area/volume ratio, which can improve textural properties, such as specific surface area and porosity. Additionally, quantum effects are involved with electronic and optical modifications. When considering their unique properties and characteristics, nanoparticles and nanomaterials have been widely used in water remediation, pesticide detection, and especially in biomedical applications. Despite their excellent properties, the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) is a common concern for the scientific community.
  • 961
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Advantages of C3N4 with Layered Double Hydroxides Heterojunctions
Environmental pollution has been decreased by using photocatalytic technology in conjunction with solar energy. An efficient method to obtain highly efficient photocatalysts is to build heterojunction photocatalysts by combining graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with layered double hydroxides (LDHs).
  • 958
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial (2D-NMs)-Based Polymeric Composite for Oil–Water Separation
Oil leakage and organic solvent industrial accidents harm the ecosystem, especially aquatic and marine life. Oil–water separation is required to combat this issue, which substantially enhances the ecosystem and recovery of oils from water bodies. The advent of two-dimensional nanomaterials (2D-NMs) gives newer insight in developing membranes due to their exceptional characteristics like hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, selectivity, antifouling ability, flexibility, and stability. Incorporating 2D-NMs within the polymeric membranes makes them exceptional candidates for removing oil from water. Moreover, 2D-NMs offer rapid sorption/desorption rates and boost water transportation. Additionally, 2D-NMs provide roughness that significantly enhances the fouling resistance in the polymeric membrane. 
  • 954
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Application of Additional Conductive Layers
Polymer composites are at increasingly used as structural materials replacing metal alloys due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance. The conductivity of epoxy resin, depending on its type, ranges from 10−17 to 10−12 S/cm, so it is classified as an insulator, i.e., a material with a conductivity below 10−12 S/cm, while carbon fiber is about 6 × 102 S/cm, which allows it to be classified as a semiconductor, i.e., a material whose conductivity is between 10−12 and 103 S/cm. The EP/CF composite, on the other hand, has a conductivity of about 10−4–10−2 S/cm, that is, it also classifies as a semiconductor. The methods to improve the conductivity have been categorized into three groups: modification of the matrix with conductive fillers, modification of the composite reinforcement, and addition of layers with increased electrical conductivity to the composite. 
  • 947
  • 19 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Piezoelectric Micro-Power Generators
Mechanical power is the most common type of external energy that can be converted into useful electric power. Because of its strong electromechanical coupling ability, the piezoelectric mechanism is a far more successful technique for converting mechanics energy to electrical energy when compared to electrostatic, electromagnetic, and triboelectric transduction systems. The scientific community has maintained a strong interest in piezoelectric micro-power generators because of their great potential for powering a sensor unit in the distributed network nodes. A national network usually has a large mass of sensor units distributed in each city, and a self-powered sensor network is eagerly required. 
  • 943
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Sea Water and Cement-Based Materials
The use of blast furnace cement is an effective way to meet the requirements of sustainable development. However, CEM III/C is characterized by slow strength gain. The problem can be worse for plasticized reinforced blast furnace cement concretes mixed with sea water in view of shorter durability. The mitigation of corrosion in plasticized blast furnace cement concretes mixed with sea water can be provided through a composition of minor additional constituents, with percentage by mass of the main constituents: alkali metal compounds, 2…3; calcium aluminate cement, 1; clinoptilolite, 1. The alkali metal compounds are known to activate hydraulic properties of ground granulated blast furnace slag. A calcium aluminate cement promotes the accelerated chemical binding of Cl− and SO42−-ions with the formation of Kuzel’s salt. A clinoptilolite occludes these aggressive ions. The positive effects of the mentioned minor additional constituents in the blast furnace cement were supported by the increased early strength gain and the higher structural density, as well as by a good state of steel reinforcement, in the plasticized concretes mixed with sea water.
  • 938
  • 28 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Solid-State Batteries
Batteries are essential in modern society as they can power a wide range of devices, from small household appliances to large-scale energy storage systems. Safety concerns with traditional lithium-ion batteries prompted the emergence of new battery technologies, among them solid-state batteries (SSBs), offering enhanced safety, energy density, and lifespan. Solid-state electrolytes used in SSBs include inorganic solid electrolytes, organic solid polymer electrolytes, and solid composite electrolytes. Inorganic options like lithium aluminum titanium phosphate excel in ionic conductivity and thermal stability but exhibit mechanical fragility. Organic alternatives such as polyethylene oxide and polyvinylidene fluoride offer flexibility but possess lower ionic conductivity. Solid composite electrolytes combine the advantages of inorganic and organic materials, enhancing mechanical strength and ionic conductivity. While significant advances have been made for composite electrolytes, challenges remain for synthesis intricacies and material stability. Nuanced selection of these electrolytes is crucial for advancing resilient and high-performance SSBs.
  • 905
  • 15 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Applications of Carbon Nanodots
Carbon dots have drawn immense attention and prompted intense investigation. The latest form of nanocarbon, the carbon nanodot, is attracting intensive research efforts, similar to its earlier analogues, namely, fullerene, carbon nanotube, and graphene. One outstanding feature that distinguishes carbon nanodots from other known forms of carbon materials is its water solubility owing to extensive surface functionalization (the presence of polar surface functional groups). These carbonaceous quantum dots, or carbon nanodots, have several advantages over traditional semiconductor-based quantum dots. They possess outstanding photoluminescence, fluorescence, biocompatibility, biosensing and bioimaging, photostability, feedstock sustainability, extensive surface functionalization and bio-conjugation, excellent colloidal stability, eco-friendly synthesis (from organic matter such as glucose, coffee, tea, and grass to biomass waste-derived sources), low toxicity, and cost-effectiveness.
  • 900
  • 30 May 2023
Topic Review
Layered Double Hydroxides and Carbon Materials
The synthesis and applications of composites based on layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and nanocarbons have recently seen great development. On the one hand, LDHs are versatile 2D compounds that present a plethora of applications, from medicine to energy conversion, environmental remediation, and heterogeneous catalysis. On the other, nanocarbons present unique physical and chemical properties owing to their low-dimensional structure and sp2 hybridization of carbon atoms, which endows them with excellent charge carrier mobility, outstanding mechanical strength, and high thermal conductivity.
  • 899
  • 29 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Tribological Performance of Composites
One of the most widely used wastes is their utilization as fillers or reinforcements in the metal- or polymer-based composites. The reuse of wastes for the production of tribological materials gives not only environmental benefits related to the transformation of waste into raw materials but also may improve the mechanical and tribological properties of such materials. Moreover, the use of waste reduces the production costs resulting from the lower price of filler materials and longer service life of developed products. 
  • 898
  • 20 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Parameters for Pressure Sensors
Pressure sensors show significant potential applications in health monitoring, bio-sensing, electronic skin, and tactile perception. Consequently, tremendous research interest has been devoted to the development of high-performance pressure sensors.
  • 891
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review
MXenes for Nanogenerators
Due to its superior advantages in terms of electronegativity, metallic conductivity, mechanical flexibility, customizable surface chemistry, etc., 2D MXenes for nanogenerators have demonstrated significant progress. MXene-based composites have been shown to exhibit improved energy conversion efficiency compared to traditional energy harvesting materials. The voltage output of MXene-based nanogenerators depends on several factors, including the specific MXene material used, the configuration of the device, and the mechanical energy input.
  • 891
  • 05 Jul 2023
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