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Topic Review
Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial (2D-NMs)-Based Polymeric Composite for Oil–Water Separation
Oil leakage and organic solvent industrial accidents harm the ecosystem, especially aquatic and marine life. Oil–water separation is required to combat this issue, which substantially enhances the ecosystem and recovery of oils from water bodies. The advent of two-dimensional nanomaterials (2D-NMs) gives newer insight in developing membranes due to their exceptional characteristics like hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, selectivity, antifouling ability, flexibility, and stability. Incorporating 2D-NMs within the polymeric membranes makes them exceptional candidates for removing oil from water. Moreover, 2D-NMs offer rapid sorption/desorption rates and boost water transportation. Additionally, 2D-NMs provide roughness that significantly enhances the fouling resistance in the polymeric membrane. 
  • 944
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Advantages on Waste Management in Hydrogen Industry
The turn to hydrogen as an energy source is a fundamentally important task facing the global energetics, aviation and automotive industries. This step would reduce the negative man-made impact on the environment on the one hand, and provide previously inaccessible power modes and increased resources for technical systems, predetermining the development of an absolutely new life cycle for important areas of technology, on the other. The most important aspect in this case is the development of next-generation technologies for hydrogen industry waste management that will definitely reduce the negative impact of technology on the environment. 
  • 941
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Biological and Therapeutical Properties of Silica-Based Nanoparticles
Nanoscience and nanotechnology explore the properties and application of particulate systems at the nanometric size. At this scale, materials exhibit properties and characteristics different from their bulk form due to the surface and quantum confinement effects. These effects are related to the increase in the area/volume ratio, which can improve textural properties, such as specific surface area and porosity. Additionally, quantum effects are involved with electronic and optical modifications. When considering their unique properties and characteristics, nanoparticles and nanomaterials have been widely used in water remediation, pesticide detection, and especially in biomedical applications. Despite their excellent properties, the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) is a common concern for the scientific community.
  • 940
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Advantages of C3N4 with Layered Double Hydroxides Heterojunctions
Environmental pollution has been decreased by using photocatalytic technology in conjunction with solar energy. An efficient method to obtain highly efficient photocatalysts is to build heterojunction photocatalysts by combining graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with layered double hydroxides (LDHs).
  • 940
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Synthesis of Graphene-Based Nanocomposites for Environmental Remediation Applications
The term graphene was coined using the prefix “graph” taken from graphite and the suffix “-ene” for the C=C bond, by Boehm et al. in 1986. The synthesis of graphene can be done using various methods. The synthesized graphene was further oxidized to graphene oxide (GO) using different methods, to enhance its multitude of applications. Graphene oxide (GO) is the oxidized analogy of graphene, familiar as the only intermediate or precursor for obtaining the latter at a large scale. Graphene oxide has recently obtained enormous popularity in the energy, environment, sensor, and biomedical fields and has been handsomely exploited for water purification membranes. GO is a unique class of mechanically robust, ultrathin, high flux, high-selectivity, and fouling-resistant separation membranes that provide opportunities to advance water desalination technologies. The facile synthesis of GO membranes opens the doors for ideal next-generation membranes as cost-effective and sustainable alternative to long existing thin-film composite membranes for water purification applications. 
  • 938
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Silicon Lattice With Single Vacancy
The effect of vacancy defects on the structure and mechanical properties of semiconductor silicon materials is of great significance to the development of novel microelectronic materials and the processes of semiconductor sensors.
  • 936
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
The Additive Manufacturing
The design of heat exchangers may change dramatically through the use of additive manufacturing (AM). Additive manufacturing, colloquially known as 3D printing, enables the production of monolithic metal bodies, devoid of contact resistance.
  • 935
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Application of Additional Conductive Layers
Polymer composites are at increasingly used as structural materials replacing metal alloys due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance. The conductivity of epoxy resin, depending on its type, ranges from 10−17 to 10−12 S/cm, so it is classified as an insulator, i.e., a material with a conductivity below 10−12 S/cm, while carbon fiber is about 6 × 102 S/cm, which allows it to be classified as a semiconductor, i.e., a material whose conductivity is between 10−12 and 103 S/cm. The EP/CF composite, on the other hand, has a conductivity of about 10−4–10−2 S/cm, that is, it also classifies as a semiconductor. The methods to improve the conductivity have been categorized into three groups: modification of the matrix with conductive fillers, modification of the composite reinforcement, and addition of layers with increased electrical conductivity to the composite. 
  • 931
  • 19 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Sea Water and Cement-Based Materials
The use of blast furnace cement is an effective way to meet the requirements of sustainable development. However, CEM III/C is characterized by slow strength gain. The problem can be worse for plasticized reinforced blast furnace cement concretes mixed with sea water in view of shorter durability. The mitigation of corrosion in plasticized blast furnace cement concretes mixed with sea water can be provided through a composition of minor additional constituents, with percentage by mass of the main constituents: alkali metal compounds, 2…3; calcium aluminate cement, 1; clinoptilolite, 1. The alkali metal compounds are known to activate hydraulic properties of ground granulated blast furnace slag. A calcium aluminate cement promotes the accelerated chemical binding of Cl− and SO42−-ions with the formation of Kuzel’s salt. A clinoptilolite occludes these aggressive ions. The positive effects of the mentioned minor additional constituents in the blast furnace cement were supported by the increased early strength gain and the higher structural density, as well as by a good state of steel reinforcement, in the plasticized concretes mixed with sea water.
  • 930
  • 28 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Applications of LDH/Nanocarbon Composites in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Nanocomposites combining layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and carbon-based materials as building blocks deserve great attention as heterogeneous catalysts due to their remarkable efficiency in a large range of reactions of chemical synthesis and conversion such as C-C cross coupling (e.g., aldolisation, Michael, Knoevenagel, Ullman, Sonogashira, Heck, synthesis of chalcone…), oxydation, hydrogenation, higher alcohol synthesis (HAS) and cascade reactions (e.g., Knoevenagel-Michael and oxidation-Knoevenagel).
  • 929
  • 07 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Rational Design of Metal-Organic-Framework-Based Membranes
Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials have been widely investigated and have been found to have enormous potential in membrane separation due to their uniform pore size and high designability. Notably, pure MOF films and MOF mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) are the core of the “next generation” MOF materials.
  • 899
  • 09 May 2023
Topic Review
Tribological Performance of Composites
One of the most widely used wastes is their utilization as fillers or reinforcements in the metal- or polymer-based composites. The reuse of wastes for the production of tribological materials gives not only environmental benefits related to the transformation of waste into raw materials but also may improve the mechanical and tribological properties of such materials. Moreover, the use of waste reduces the production costs resulting from the lower price of filler materials and longer service life of developed products. 
  • 890
  • 20 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Graphene/Polymer Nanocomposites for Human Health Monitoring
Graphene/polymer nanocomposites (GPNs) are largely explored in the development of sensing devices to monitor human health parameters, due to the excellent electrical and mechanical properties of the graphene filler combined with the chemical versatility of the surrounding polymer matrix.
  • 880
  • 24 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Biomedical Applications of Electrospun Graphene Oxide
Graphene is an allotrope of carbon and is made up of sp2-bonded carbon atoms placed in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice. Graphite consists of stacked layers of graphene. Due to the distinctive structural features as well as excellent physico-chemical and electrical conductivity, graphene allows remarkable improvement in the performance of electrospun nanofibers (NFs), which results in the enhancement of promising applications in NF-based sensor and biomedical technologies. 
  • 879
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Stir Casting Routes for Metal Matrix Syntactic Foams
Metal matrix syntactic foams (MMSFs) are advanced lightweight materials constituted by a metallic matrix and a dispersion of hollow and/or porous fillers. Physical and mechanical properties can be fitted regarding matrix and filler properties and processing parameters. Their properties make them potential materials for sectors where density is a limiting parameter, such as transport, marine, defense, aerospace, and engineering applications. MMSFs are mainly manufactured by powder metallurgy, infiltration, and stir casting techniques. Stir casting techniques (SCTs) are low-cost and industrially scalable approaches. Critical limitations of SCTs are buoyancy of fillers, corrosion of processing equipment, premature solidification of molten metal during mixing, cracking of fillers, heterogeneous distribution, and limited incorporation of fillers. Efforts to overcome these limitations have led to the development of new techniques and to obtain MMSFs with improved properties.
  • 873
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Electrospun ZnSnO3/ZnO Composite Nanofibers and Its Ethanol-Sensitive Properties
In this work, a novel heterojunction based on ZnSnO3/ZnO nanofibers was prepared by a simple electrospinning method. The crystal, structural, and surface compositional properties of ZnSnO3 and ZnSnO3/ZnO composite nanofibers were investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). Compared to pure ZnSnO3 nanofibers, the ZnSnO3/ZnO heterostructure nanofibers had high sensitivity and selectivity response with the fast response toward ethanol gas at low operational temperature.
  • 870
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Layered Double Hydroxides and Carbon Materials
The synthesis and applications of composites based on layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and nanocarbons have recently seen great development. On the one hand, LDHs are versatile 2D compounds that present a plethora of applications, from medicine to energy conversion, environmental remediation, and heterogeneous catalysis. On the other, nanocarbons present unique physical and chemical properties owing to their low-dimensional structure and sp2 hybridization of carbon atoms, which endows them with excellent charge carrier mobility, outstanding mechanical strength, and high thermal conductivity.
  • 868
  • 29 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Tactile Sensing
Extensive research has been conducted on the development of high-performance flexible tactile sensors, pursuing the next generation of highly intelligent electronics with diverse potential applications in self-powered wearable sensors, human–machine interactions, electronic skin, and soft robotics. Among the most promising materials that have emerged in this context are functional polymer composites (FPCs), which exhibit exceptional mechanical and electrical properties, enabling them to be excellent candidates for tactile sensors.
  • 863
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Piezoelectric Micro-Power Generators
Mechanical power is the most common type of external energy that can be converted into useful electric power. Because of its strong electromechanical coupling ability, the piezoelectric mechanism is a far more successful technique for converting mechanics energy to electrical energy when compared to electrostatic, electromagnetic, and triboelectric transduction systems. The scientific community has maintained a strong interest in piezoelectric micro-power generators because of their great potential for powering a sensor unit in the distributed network nodes. A national network usually has a large mass of sensor units distributed in each city, and a self-powered sensor network is eagerly required. 
  • 862
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Parameters for Pressure Sensors
Pressure sensors show significant potential applications in health monitoring, bio-sensing, electronic skin, and tactile perception. Consequently, tremendous research interest has been devoted to the development of high-performance pressure sensors.
  • 856
  • 26 May 2023
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