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Topic Review
Role of Macrophages in Tendon-Bone Healing
Tendon-bone healing comprises three stages: the inflammatory stage, the repair stage, and the remodeling stage. Macrophages appear in substantial populations in the early stages of tendon-bone healing and persist throughout the healing process, regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix formation by secreting various inflammatory factors and growth factors. The importance of macrophages in tendon-bone healing has been progressively emphasized in recent years, and the processes by which they affect tendon-bone healing have gradually been uncovered.
  • 1.5K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Reconfigurability with Metamaterials
Metamaterials exhibit properties in terms of subwavelength operation or phase manipulation, among others, that can be used in a variety of applications in 5G communication systems. The future and current 5G devices demand high efficiency, high data rate, computational capabilities, cost-effectiveness, compact size, and low power consumption. This variation and advancement are possible when the antenna design is revised to operate over wideband, high gain, and multiband and has characteristics of compact size, reconfiguration, absorption, and simple ease of fabrication. The materials loaded with antennas or, in the same cases, without antennas, offer the aforementioned characteristics to bring advancement in order to facilitate users.  
  • 1.5K
  • 28 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Biological Vectors in Targeted Radionuclide Therapy
The precise delivery of cytotoxic radiation to cancer cells through the combination of a specific targeting vector with a radionuclide for targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) has proven valuable for cancer care. TRT is increasingly being considered a relevant treatment method in fighting micro-metastases in the case of relapsed and disseminated disease. While antibodies were the first vectors applied in TRT, increasing research data has cited antibody fragments and peptides with superior properties and thus a growing interest in application.
  • 1.5K
  • 15 May 2023
Topic Review
Animal Functional Traits Associated with Fire Sensitivity
Changes in fire regimes in the 21st century are posing a major threat to global biodiversity. In this scenario, incorporating species’ physiological, ecological, and evolutionary traits with their local fire exposure might facilitate accurate identification of species most at risk from fire. 
  • 1.5K
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Age-Related Hearing Loss
Age-related hearing impairment, also referred to as presbycusis, is the most common sensory impairment seen in the elderly. As our cochlea, the peripheral organ of hearing, ages, we tend to experience a decline in hearing and are at greater risk of cochlear sensory-neural cell degeneration and exacerbated age-related hearing impairments (e.g., gradual hearing loss, deterioration in speech comprehension, difficulty in the localization sound sources, and ringing sensations in the ears). Here, we outline recent research into major causal factors of age-related hearing loss including both extrinsic (e.g. noise and ototoxic medication), and intrinsic factors (e.g. genetic predisposition, epigenetic factors and aging).
  • 1.5K
  • 23 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Galactosemia
Galactosemia is a disorder that affects how the body processes a simple sugar called galactose.
  • 1.5K
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies
Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies, also known as protein conformational diseases or amyloidosis, are a group of diseases associated with the deposition of misaggregated proteins in the nervous system.
  • 1.5K
  • 06 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Feasibility of thermal insulation for retrofitting Historic Walls
Retrofitting historic constructions can play a key role in reducing European energy consumption and consequent emissions. What is more, beyond the opportunity for tackling climate change, thermal retrofits can improve indoor comfort while lowering operational costs, factors that are fundamental to ensure the continued use of historic constructions over time, and with that, improving their preservation and durability. The suitability of thermal insulation for this scope is still a debated topic. Thus, this study aims at contributing to the discussion by providing an overview on the feasibility of adopting thermal insulation for retrofitting external walls of historic buildings while preserving their significance and unique identities. 
  • 1.5K
  • 20 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Meloidogyne graminicola
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the main cultivated crops worldwide and represents a staple food for more than half of the world population. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs), Meloidogyne spp., and particularly M. graminicola, are serious pests of rice, being, probably, the most economically important plant-parasitic nematode in this crop. M. graminicola is an obligate sedentary endoparasite adapted to flooded conditions. Until recently, M. graminicola was present mainly in irrigated rice fields in Asia, parts of the Americas, and South Africa. However, in July 2016, it was found in Europe, in northern Italy in the Piedmont region and in May 2018 in the Lombardy region in the province of Pavia.
  • 1.5K
  • 16 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Things
Things is a task management app for macOS, iPadOS, iOS, and watchOS made by Cultured Code, a software startup based in Stuttgart, Germany . It first released for Mac as an alpha that went out in late 2007 to 12,000 people and quickly gained popularity. The following July, when the App Store launched, it was among the first 552 apps available for iPhone. It was then released alongside the iPad in 2010, and became one of the first apps available for Apple Watch in 2015. In December 2013, Cultured Code announced that they had sold one million copies of the software to date, and in December 2014 the company announced that downloads had increased by an additional three million.
  • 1.5K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Dago Dazzler
A dago dazzler is an elaborately decorated document used to identify its bearer, usually an academic, as someone with an official association with an institution, usually a university or college, with the purpose of impressing low-level bureaucrats, usually of a foreign nation, so that they will allow the bearer to gain access to archived material or to perform some other action. The document is given more than the usual amount of decoration—often with colored ribbons and shiny seals—solely for the purpose of impressing bureaucrats. The term, used by academics and sometimes by government officials, is meant to disparage the bureaucrats, who are usually located in another country. The first word (dago) is an ethnic slur for Italians (and sometimes Spaniards and Latin Americans), but dago dazzlers have been used in other countries, including China . Dago dazzlers were created as early as the late 19th century in the United States , but examples have been referred to in recent decades. Published references nowadays are often accompanied by a statement by the writer that the word "dago" in the term is an ethnic slur.
  • 1.5K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Redox Regulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors
Oxidative stress and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiovascular and renal diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate physiological and pathophysiological processes, being involved in the modulation of cell signaling, differentiation, and survival, but also in cyto- and genotoxic damage. As master regulators of glycolytic metabolism and oxygen homeostasis, HIFs have been largely studied for their role in cell survival in hypoxic conditions.
  • 1.5K
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Trophoblast Cell Surface Antigen-2 in Cancer
Trophoblast cell surface antigen-2 (Trop-2) is a glycoprotein that was first described as a membrane marker of trophoblast cells and was associated with regenerative abilities. Trop-2 overexpression was also described in several tumour types. Nevertheless, the therapeutic potential of Trop-2 was widely recognized and clinical studies with drug–antibody conjugates have been initiated in various cancer types. 
  • 1.5K
  • 31 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence to Solve the IoT Security Challenges
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a well-known technology that has a significant impact on many areas, including connections, work, healthcare, and the economy. IoT has the potential to improve life in a variety of contexts, from smart cities to classrooms, by automating tasks, increasing output, and decreasing anxiety. Cyberattacks and threats, on the other hand, have a significant impact on intelligent IoT applications. Many traditional techniques for protecting the IoT are now ineffective due to new dangers and vulnerabilities. To keep their security procedures, IoT systems of the future will need artificial intelligence (AI)-efficient machine learning and deep learning. The capabilities of artificial intelligence, particularly machine and deep learning solutions, must be used if the next-generation IoT system is to have a continuously changing and up-to-date security system.
  • 1.5K
  • 16 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Construction and Housing Prices
Studies on the housing market often focus on understanding the dynamics of housing demand, while investigations into the supply side, particularly construction costs, have received relatively less attention.
  • 1.5K
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) in Deep Learning Contexts
Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a potential deep learning (DL) technique that uses massive volumes of unlabeled data to train neural networks. SSL techniques have evolved in response to the poor classification performance of conventional and even modern machine learning (ML) and DL models of enormous unlabeled data produced periodically in different disciplines. However, the literature does not fully address SSL’s practicalities and workabilities necessary for industrial engineering and medicine. Accordingly, this thorough review is administered to identify these prominent possibilities for prediction, focusing on industrial and medical fields. This extensive survey, with its pivotal outcomes, could support industrial engineers and medical personnel in efficiently predicting machinery faults and patients’ ailments without referring to traditional numerical models that require massive computational budgets, time, storage, and effort for data annotation. 
  • 1.5K
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Uncovering the Tumor Antigen Landscape
According to the latest available data, cancer is the second leading cause of death, highlighting the need for novel cancer therapeutic approaches. In this context, immunotherapy is emerging as a reliable first-line treatment for many cancers, particularly metastatic melanoma. Indeed, cancer immunotherapy has attracted great interest following the recent clinical approval of antibodies targeting immune checkpoint molecules, such as PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, that release the brakes of the immune system, thus reviving a field otherwise poorly explored. Cancer immunotherapy mainly relies on the generation and stimulation of cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes (CTLs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME), priming T cells and establishing efficient and durable anti-tumor immunity. Therefore, there is a clear need to define and identify immunogenic T cell epitopes to use in therapeutic cancer vaccines. Naturally presented antigens in the human leucocyte antigen-1 (HLA-I) complex on the tumor surface are the main protagonists in evocating a specific anti-tumor CD8+ T cell response. However, the methodologies for their identification have been a major bottleneck for their reliable characterization. Consequently, the field of antigen discovery has yet to improve.
  • 1.5K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Cucurbitaceae Family Used in Mexico for Diabetes Mellitus
In Mexico, Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious health problem, and although the current pharmacological treatments for DM such as insulin and oral hypoglycemics are available, the Mexican population continues to use medicinal plants in the treatment of DM. The antidiabetic properties of the plant species that belong to the Cucurbitaceae family has already been recognized worldwide.
  • 1.5K
  • 10 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Analytical Techniques for Detection and Quantification of PFAS
The established methods for performing poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) analysis are based on Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Both the sample preparation and the development of the chromatographic set-up are crucial steps for reliable, precise, and accurate measurements. According to the literature, the conventional reverse phase separation stationary phase column is the most widely utilized approach. To improve the chromatographic performance, columns equipped with polar functionalized C18 alkyl chains were introduced.
  • 1.5K
  • 21 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Catholic Theology of the Body
The theology of the body is a broad term for Catholic teachings on the human body. The dogma of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, defined in Pope Pius XII's 1950 apostolic constitution Munificentissimus Deus, is one of the most recent developments in the Catholic theology of the body.
  • 1.5K
  • 30 Sep 2022
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